ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF NEW YORK IO 
found that stream on the east and the Mohawk on the north con- 
venient barriers against their foes. Arent Van Corlaer found them 
thus grouped within a space of about 14 miles when he visited 
them in 1634. A careful computation makes each of his miles 
average about two English miles, and his itinerary, based on this, 
is interesting. ‘The first day he traveled 16 miles and lodged near 
Vyoge (Oiogue) a'Mohawk word for “at the river,’ mentioning 
it as a stream which ran past their castles. Next morning they 
went about two miles and crossed this river, following its course 
westerly for 20 miles farther. When morning came the river was 
recrossed and they were soon at Onekagoncka, the first castle of 
the Mohawks, a mile farther on or about 39 miles from Albany. 
They then went to Canowarode a mile farther. Senatsycrosy was 
passed at the end of another mile and another three miles brought 
them to the second castle Canagere, 44 miles from Albany. Two 
miles beyond this they forded a deep stream swollen by heavy rains. 
A mile beyond was the third castle Sohanidisse, 47 miles from 
Albany. A mile farther was Osguage, and another swollen stream 
even more dangerous. Cawaoge was at the end of the next mile. 
’ Two miles beyond was the fourth castle Tenotoge, about 51 miles 
from Albany and east of the present Canajoharie. In this space 
were four castles and four villages. 
That this estimate is approximately correct appears from the 
farther itinerary where the miles may have been less exact. They 
left the river, as was customary, and took the direct but more hilly 
trail to Oneida, then a little east of Munnsyille on Oneida creek. 
The five days’ journeys were respectively 14, 15, 15, 16 and 9 
English miles on this, basis, or 69 miles, making a total dis- 
tance from Albany to Oneida of 120 miles. The N. Y. C. railroad 
distance to that stream is 122 miles. Others make different esti- 
mates, but the writer has carefully considered the matter and 
believes his statement correct. 
The return march is summarized but the party followed the same 
route, finding the cabin burned where they had hoped to lodge 
after leaving the lower castle. Four miles by guess, east of that 
castle, the savages pointed out a high mountain where they had 
