24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



the latter, occupying from two to six courses at the bottom where 

 the temperature does not rise high enough for the thorough vitrifi- 

 cation required in pavers. The roughened surface is secured by 

 means of a wire placed near the die of the press so that it drags 

 over the surface of the clay ribbon as this comes from the machine. 

 Another class of front brick consists of dry-pressed brick. The 

 production in 1914 consisted of 3,000,000 red smooth-faced brick 

 valued at $30,000, 4,151,000 rough- faced brick valued at $39,205 and 

 3,331,000 dry-pressed brick valued at $36,234, aggregating alto- 

 gether 10,482,000 valued at $105,439. In 191 3 the output was 

 9,355,000 valued at $99,736. . 



COMMON HOLLOW BRICK 



There were seven producers of common hollow brick last year 

 who reported an output of 6,402,000 with a value of $38,119, as 

 compared with nine producers in the preceding year with a reported 

 outturn of 7,631,000 worth ,$44,265. Common hollow brick are 

 made by the same methods as those used for hollow building blocks. 

 Both clays and shales are employed and the molding is by the stiff- 

 mud process, the brick being end cut. There are two forms — 

 headers and stretchers. They are used chiefly for the construction 

 of an inside course upon common building brick or fireproofing. 

 The output is consumed in the larger cities. 



FIREPROOFING 



Fireproofing was made by seven companies, the .same number as 

 in 191 3, who reported an output valued at $245,034. The total 

 for the preceding year was $276,053. The material classed as fire- 

 proofing is reported under the names of terra cotta lumber, fire- 

 proofing, hollow tile and hollow building block. It includes many 

 different shapes and sizes that are used in the construction of side- 

 walls, floors, arches and partitions, but not common hollow brick, 

 which latter are used for veneering and not in the main construc- 

 tion. It is made by the stiff-mud process out of clays or shales, or 

 a mixture of the two, according to the local conditions, and is 

 burned in round downdraft kilns. The market for the material 

 has increased steadily, with the exception of the past year when 

 all building operations were greatly curtailed. 



PAVING BRICK 



A large gain in the production of paving brick was reported last 

 year, this industry furnishing one of the few exceptions to the 

 general record of depression. The number made was 46,696,000, 



