42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



brown variety of ocher, is found near Whitehall where it was pro- 

 duced a few years ago. 



The production of mineral paint and mortar colors in 1914 

 amounted to 7321 short tons, valued at $88,720. That of slate pig- 

 ment was 1 1 82 short tons worth $9620. In addition to these out- 

 puts of manufactured pigments, there was a considerable quantity 

 of material produced that was shipped to points outside for grind- 

 ing into pigments. 



MINERAL WATERS 



New York has held for a long time a leading position among the 

 states in the utilization of mineral waters. The different springs, 

 of which over two hundred have been listed as productive at one 

 time or another, yield a great variety of waters in respect to the 

 character and amount of their dissolved solids. There are some 

 that contain relatively large amounts of mineral ingredients and 

 are specially valuable for medicinal purposes ; Saratoga Springs, 

 Ballston Springs, Richfield Springs, Sharon Springs and Lebanon 

 Springs are among the more noted localities for such waters. 

 Numerous other springs are more particularly adapted for table use, 

 containing only sufficient mineral matter to give them a pleasant 

 saline taste. Both kinds of waters are generally carbonated and 

 sold in small bottles. 



Of late there has developed an important business in the sale of 

 spring waters which can hardly be classed as mineral in the com- 

 mon acceptance of the word, but which are extensively consumed 

 for office and family use in the larger towns and cities. Their 

 employment depends upon their freedom from harmful impurities, 

 in which feature they are generally superior to the local supplies. 

 In so far as such waters are an article of commerce they may well 

 be included in a canvass of the mineral water industry. They are 

 usually distributed in large bottles or carboys in noncarbonated 

 condition. 



Character of mineral waters. Among the spring waters that 

 contain mineral ingredients in appreciable quantity, those character- 

 ized by the presence of alkalis and alkaline earths are the most 

 abundant in the State. The dissolved bases may exist in association 

 with chlorin and carbon dioxid, as in the springs of Saratoga county, 

 or they may be associated chiefly with sulphuric acid, as illustrated 

 by the Sharon and Clifton Springs. 



The mineral waters of Saratoga Springs and Ballston are found 

 along fractured zones in Lower Siluric strata, the reservoirs occur- 

 ring usually in the Trenton limestone. They are accompanied by 



