64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



of the State. Its line of outcrop extends from Ontario to Madison 

 county, intersecting most of the Finger lakes. Its thickness is not 

 over 10 feet, and on that account can not be worked to advantage 

 except under most favorable conditions of exposure. For building 

 stone it is quarried only locally and to a very limited extent. It 

 finds its principal use in portland cement manufacture, being em- 

 ployed for that purpose by the Cayuga Lake Cement Co., in its 

 works at Portland Point, Tompkins county. 



Marl is a useful substitute for the hard limestone for some pur- 

 poses and is rather extensively developed in the central and western 

 parts of the State. It is found particularly in swampy tracts and 

 old lake basins associated with clay and peat. In the Cowaselon 

 swamp near Canastota the marl underlies several thousand acres 

 and is said to be 30 feet thick. The Montezuma marshes in Cayuga 

 and Seneca counties contain a large deposit which at Montezuma is 

 14 feet thick. In Steuben county the marls at Arkport and Dans- 

 ville have been employed for lime-making. Until recently marls 

 have been used extensively for portland cement and plants were 

 operated at one time in the marl beds near Warner and Jordan, 

 Onondaga county; at Montezuma, Cayuga county; Wayland, Steu- 

 ben county ; and Caledonia, Livingston county. Their principal use 

 at present is for agricultural and chemical purposes. 



Production. As already noted in a previous paragraph, limestone 

 ranks first in importance among the quarry materials of the State. 

 The value of the output is larger than that of all other kinds to- 

 gether, and is gaining in relative importance year by year. Its 

 main use is for crushed stone for concrete and roadwork; most of 

 the stratified formations contain limestones that are adapted to that 

 purpose. It is also employed as building stone, though not so ex- 

 tensively as formerly, and considerable quantities are consumed in 

 metallurgy and chemical manufacturing. Of late quite a demand 

 for finely ground limestone has developed in connection with agri- 

 culture. Lime manufacture still holds a prominent place in the 

 industry. 



The production of limestone, after showing a steady gain for 

 several years, fell off markedly in 1914 and aggregated only 

 $3,316,063 as compared with $3,852,678 in 1913. The decline 

 amounted to about 14 per cent. The figures for the last three years 

 distributed according to the various uses are shown herewith. 



