REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQII 



109 



branches, accompanied frequently by reddish or rusty brown 

 spots here and there on the white bark, indicating tlie oper- 

 ations of a borer beneath. This indentification can be con- 

 firmed by cutting into the bark, especially where there are 

 ridges, and the disclosing in the inner bark or sapwood of a 

 flattened, usually more or less sinuous channel. Advanced in- 

 jury is usually characterized by numerous interlacing galleries 

 in the bark of the upper branches, the limbs above being mostly 

 dead. The cause of this trouble is a flattened, whitish, rather 

 delicate grub about three-quarters of an inch long, with a 

 larg-e, flattened anterior extremity and a 

 pair of horny, serrate processes at the 

 opposite end of the body. 



The destructive work of this pest is 

 confined to the inner bark and sapwood, 

 places inaccessible to ordinary applica- 

 tions, consequently spraying or the ap- 

 plication of deterrent substances are of 

 little or no value. The grub winters in its 

 burrow, transforming to a pupa in the early 

 part of May, the moderately robust, olive 

 brow^n beetle from three-tenths to nearly 

 one-half an inch long appearing the latter 

 part of May or early in June. The only 

 satisfactory method of checking this 

 borer is to cut and burn, at some time 

 prior to the appearance of the insect, 



all infested trees or portions of the Fig. 3 Bronze bircti borer: a=:e- 



„ T • -u J.1 J. 1 J. 1 • 1 ii male beetle; fc^=first abdominal 



same. Limbs that appear but slightly segments of male from below; 



n: i 1 11 1 1 ■ xi c=larva fiom above, all enla'ged 



affected are usually doomed, since the about 3* times. (After chitten- 



„ 11 • 11 • 11 1 den, U. S. Dtp't Agric. Div. Ent. 



galleries generally girdle or nearly bui. is, n. s.) 

 girdle the limb and it is only a ques- 

 tion of time before the branch must succumb. It is much bet- 

 ter to remove such and burn the wood at once, rather than to 

 allow the beetles to escape and attack adjacent trees. It is 

 obvious that the more thorough the work the greater will he 

 the benefits resulting from this treatment. This applies not 

 only to isolated groups but to all the trees in a given section. 

 There should be the fullest possible cooperation in an effort to 

 check this pernicious enemy. 



White marked tussock moth (H e m e r o c a m p a leu- 

 co stigma Sm. & Abb.). This well known city pest has 



