32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and Little Cascapedia rivers. In the Siliiric section the strata are 

 nearly all calcareous with intercalations of red shale near the top. 

 They stand at high angles to the horizon, usually dipping 60-80° 

 s. e., but these dips vary somewhat, though without unconformities. 

 The eroded edges of the strata are overlain elsewhere in the region 

 by the red sands and conglomerates of the Bonaventure formation, 

 and there are several considerable fissures in the Siluric limestones 

 which are filled in with red sand derived from the overlying beds. 

 All these occurrences indicate land exposure of the Siluric during 

 all the early and middle Devonic time. 



The base of the section at the ^vest begins with greenish, 

 highly nodular lime-shales, very compact and heavy bedded, 

 Aveathering out into irregular and gnarled shapes. These alter- 

 nate with more highly calcareous shales and compact limestones 

 of red and ochreous tints. These compact limestones contain 

 Stricklandinias of great size (S. gaspensis Billings) and in 

 great number and with these are Spirifers of the S. radiatus- 

 niagarensis type and occasional AVhitfieldellas. Through- 

 out the low^er beds the rest of the fauna is largely of Stromato- 

 poroids and corals which occur in enormous quantity and great 

 diversity. There are Halysites of several species, having hori- 

 zon values, Favosites and Ah'eolites of great size, Heliolites, 

 Syringopora, P^ridophyllum in extensive colonies, Zaphrentis and 

 other cyathophylloids in considerable variety. Additional spe- 

 cies in these lower beds are Calymmene, Chonetes, A t r y p a 

 reticularis (Siluric type), Tentaculites, cyclostomatous gas- 

 tropods, etc. 



At an elevation in the series of about 1500 feet, where the 

 scraggy limestones continue, there is some indication of change 

 in the fauna by the addition of brachiopods of the genus Camaro- 

 toechia, Rafinesquina, the cephalopods Orthoceras, Trochoceras, 

 etc. From Howatson's (elevation on section, 1500 feet) on east- 

 ward the scraggy limestones continue as far as the breakwater. 

 Then follows a heavy mass of sandy shale. This sedimentation 

 continues sandy to near the end of the section w^hich terminates 

 at the volcanic mass forming Black cape, but toward the top the 

 sands become interlaminated wnth thin beds of volcanic ash, with 

 red and purplish shale and eventually calcareous and variegated 

 beds succeed to these, becoming in places compact lime banks 

 entirely constituted of the debris of fossils. 



These sandstones and sandy shales are remarkably profuse in 



