92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



is shown by the complete absence of the Oneida conglomerate and 

 the nearly complete absence of the Clinton and Niagara formations 

 from southern Herkimer county eastward. Such a widespread and 

 important elevation of the land in the Mohawk valley region almost 

 certainly upraised the whole southern Adirondacks except possibly 

 the very western border. Gushing^ has given evidence to show that 

 the northeastern Adirondack area was distinctly elevated even 

 earlier in the late Ordovicic than the southern area. It is more 

 than probable that this period of elevation in northern New York 

 culminated with the great Taconic revolution. 



To summarize for Ordovicic Posttrenton time we find that a con- 

 siderable portion of the western side of the Adirondacks was sub- 

 merged, while the whole middle and eastern portion was dry land 

 except possibly locally along the southeastern border during the 

 deposition of the Indian Ladder beds. After the deposition of the 

 Frankfort shales there was an important uplift (inaugurating the 

 Taconic revolution) which brought the whole southern Adirondack 

 area, except probably the very western border, well above sea 

 level, and we have no good reason to think that any considerable 

 portion of the Adirondack region was ever again submerged. 



Some of the more important conclusions, regarding the early 

 Paleozoic physiography of the southern Adirondacks, reached in 

 this paper are the following: 



1 The early Paleozoic sea encroached upon a more or less well- 

 developed peneplain in the Adirondack region, this peneplain being 

 moderately rugged in the northeastern and eastern portions ; less 

 so in the southern portion; and very smooth in the southwestern 

 portion, such a difference in character of the peneplain no doubt 

 being due to the fact that the southwestern portion longest re- 

 mained above sea level. 



2 When the early Paleozoic sea encroached upon the region it 

 did not set up embayments or estuaries in the Precambric rock 

 area, except possibly to some extent on the eastern side, as shown 

 by the peneplain character of the Precambric rock surface ; the 

 typical marine character of the deposits in the Paleozoic rock out- 

 liers ; and the downfaulted structure of the outliers. 



3 The region was never completely submerged during the Paleo- 

 zoic era though, at the time of maximum submergence during the 

 Trenton, only a comparatively small land mass remained. 



3 Page 285. 



