THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY I909 5 1 



formerly correlated with the Oneida conglomerate, but now 

 known to lie in the horizon of the Salina. Its thickness varies 

 from 50 to 200 feet. 



The quarrying operations are carried on along the northern 

 border of the Shawangunk mountains, in Rochester and Wawar- 

 sing townships, Ulster co., mainly along the line of the New 

 York, Ontario and Western Railroad at Wawarsing, Kerhonk- 

 son, Accord, Kyserike, Granite, St Josen and Alligerville, while 

 Xew Paltz and Kingston also are shipping points. 



Quarrying is carried on with but a small equipment, the stone 

 being worked out by hand bars, wedges and sometimes with 

 the use of powder. It is dressed by hand at the quarry into 

 millstones and chasers. The millstones* are dressed into stones 

 varying in diameter from 15 inches to 54 inches or even larger 

 and are used for the grinding of paint, grain, cement, gypsum 

 etc. The chasers are stones dressed to run on edge on a plat- 

 form of blocks of the same material, and are used in grinding 

 heavier material such as quartz, feldspar, barite etc. Depending 

 largely on their weight for crushing the fragments, they are 

 of large size varying usually in diameter from 54 to 72 inches. 



The production of millstones has decreased very much in 

 recent years owing to the introduction of roller mills in flour 

 making, and ball mills, emery stones and other improved grind- 

 ing machinery in other industries. The demand for millstones 

 is now largely from corn-grinding mills in the south and from 

 gypsum and plaster mills, while chasers are still used in quartz, 

 feldspar and barite mills. 



The value of the production of millstones and chasers and 

 rough blocks used for paving chasers amounted last year to 

 $19,247 as compared with a value of $18,341 in 1908. The sell- 

 ing prices of millstones in 1909 ranged from $3 to $4 for a 

 16 inch stone up to $60 for a 72 inch stone. Chasers in sizes 

 from 54 to ^2 inches sold at prices ranging from $30 to $70 each. 



MINERAL PAINT 



Under this title are included the natural mineral colors which 

 require nothing more than washing or grinding in their prepa- 

 ration for the market. 'The raw materials found in the State 

 that have been used for the purposes are iron ore. ocher, shale 

 and slate. New York is also one of the loading producers ^i 

 artificial pigments, specially those made from lead, but the 

 crude materials are mostly derived from without the State. 



