REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I909 39 



being in some instances a collection of spray at the bottom of the 

 calyx cup in the latter case. All of the spraying was from the 

 ground, the hose being tied to poles and the nozzles set at an angle 

 so as to discharge almost directly into all the blossoms, except 

 possibly a very few on the highest branches. The defect with the 

 Bordeaux nozzle employed was that the spray was not sufficiently 

 spread out to permit of a very desirable rapidity in operation. 

 It was exceedingly difficult, with the nozzles used, to be certain 

 of hitting every apple. It was, however, markedly penetrating, 

 throwing a rather coarse, forcible stream 6 or 8 feet and usually 

 hitting the limbs near the center of the tree with considerable 

 force. 



The Friend nozzle gave a very well distributed, moderately 

 fine mist spray which lacked the penetration of the coarser Bor- 

 deaux spray. In a few instances minute drops of spray were 

 observed just within the stamens but there was never any col- 

 lection of moisture at the bottom of the cup, seen in the case 

 of flowers sprayed with the Bordeaux nozzle. The spray from 

 the Friend nozzle with 125 pounds pressure is so fine that it 

 rarely collects or runs at least upon the floral organs and can 

 usually be seen as minute globules adhering to various parts of 

 the leaf and foliage. 



Applications. 5J/4 pounds of Grasselli's arsenate of lead, and 

 10 pounds of copper sulfate were used to each 150 gallons of 

 sprsiy, enough lime being added to neutralize the copper sulfate 

 as determined by the ferrocyanide test. 140 gallons of this mix- 

 ture, using one Bordeaux nozzle on each line of hose, sufficed 

 to treat 56 trees. It required about i minute to spray a tree 

 15 feet high with i lead of hose. 150 gallons of the spray were 

 applied to 55 trees with 2 leads of hose, 2 Friend nozzles on 

 each. It likew^ise required about i minute to spra}' a tree. The 

 pressure while spraying with the 2 Bordeaux nozzles was kept 

 at about 150 pounds. The pressure with the 4 h>iend nozzles 

 \vas maintained at about 125 pounds. 



The weather was almost ideal for spraying on the 20th, there 

 being very little wind until in the late afternoon. The 21st the 

 weather was cloudy, wind strong and fitful. About go^( of the 

 blossoms had dropped from the Baldwins at the time of application. 



Second application, May 31. The calyx lobes were still widely 

 expanded though the stamens and the tip of the pistil had shriv- 

 eled and in many cases adhered so as to form an almost im- 

 passable l)arrier even to the heavy spray from the Bordeaux 



