REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST T909 61 



It will be seen by referring to the above tables that the re- 

 sults obtained at Poughkeepsie were confirmed in large measure 

 b}' those secured at Kinderhook, plots i, 4 and 7, respectively, 

 producing 98.96, 98.27 and 97.52r^ of worm-free fruit, while the 

 two check trees yielded only 73.08;/ of clean fruit. These per- 

 centages, it will be observed, are slightly lower than those ob- 

 tained at Poughkeepsie and may be explained by local condi- 

 tions. The trees were larger and probably somewhat more in- 

 fested by codling moth. The application Avas with a hand pump 

 and. as a result, there was more difficulty in maintaining an 

 even pressure. The slightly lower percentage obtained in plot 

 7 was not due to the higher, approximately 200 pounds pressure, 

 but is undoubtedly explainable by a lack of thoroughness in ap- 

 plication, since only 95.06^ of clean fruit occurred on one tree 

 where the application was not quite as thorough as it should 

 have been. This obviously reduced the percentage for the en- 

 tire plot materially. It will be seen in this series, as in the pre- 

 ceding, that a considerable proportion of the benefit results in 

 destroying the codling moth larvae at or in the calyx end of the 

 fruit, since in the sprayed plots 17.51 to i8.9,< of the wormy 

 fruit was entered at the end, while 69.2i;;i^' of the wormy fruit on 

 the check trees was thus infested. It will be noted that a con- 

 siderably larger percentage of the fruit was end wormy at 

 Kinderhook, compared to our findings at Poughkeepsie. 



The data submitted above justifies the expectation that under 

 normal conditions as they are found in the Hudson valley at 

 least, one thorough application of a poison within a week or 10 

 days after the blossoms fall, should result in protecting a very 

 large percentage, 98 to 99;/, of the fruit from codling moth injury. 

 We would emphasize the necessity of thorough work, though by 

 this we do not mean an efifort to drive the poison into the lower 

 calyx cavity, desirable though this may be on theoretical 

 grounds, but thoroughness in covering the foliage, the young 

 fruit, in particular the blossom end, a point favored, as our in- 

 vestigations show, by about 69^ of the worms entering the apple. 

 We would select a nozzle giving the most uniform and rapid 

 distribution of si)ray without regard to penetralic^n. This 

 should not be understood as discouraging the employment of 

 high pressure, since this is undoubtedly an important factor in 

 thorough and rapid work, the latter being extremely desirable 

 on account of the limited time when successful applications may 



