y6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



showed that in approximately 100,000 apples there were only 

 54,845 marketable fruit, many of these being rather small, while 

 41,982 apples were so small as to be practically unmarketable. 

 This small fruit, popularly designated by many growers as 

 '' aphis apples," was easily recognized by its small size and fre- 

 quently irregular shape. It was estimated by one "Of the fruit 

 growers that in the vicinity of Poughkeepsie approximately 33^ 

 of the crop was thus affected though this figure may be some- 

 what high. Similar injury was very prevalent in orchards in 

 the western part of the State. 



Apple aphids 



There are four species of plant lice or aphids very likely ta 

 occur on our fruit trees. The woolly apple aphis.^ as is well 

 known, restricts its attack mostly to the vicinity of wounds on 

 trunk and branch and also occurs on the roots. It is rarely 

 abundant enough in New York State to cause material injury. 

 The other three species, known respectively as the European 

 grain aphis, the green apple aphis and the rosy apple aphis, attack 

 the foliage and will be discussed briefly below. 



European grain aphis. (Siphocoryne avenae Fabr.) . 

 This European species has, tmtil recently, in this country been 

 considered identical with the green apple aphid, a species which 

 has been known to occur in America for many years. This 

 aphid is, judging from available records, probably very generally 

 distributed throughout the United States. It has been recorded 

 as occurring upon apple, pear, quince and plum, and such grains 

 as rye, oats and wheat. This species passes the winter in its 

 shiny, jet black eggs deposited by the females in the fall around 

 the buds of the more terminal shoots, in crevices at the crotches 

 of limbs and under scales of the bark. The eggs hatch about 

 the time the young leaves appear, and the small, green plant 

 lice begin to feed upon the unfolding foliage. These early in- 

 dividuals soon commence to produce living young, the latter 

 shortly attain maturity, develop wings, fly to other trees and 

 continue the process of multiplication. This species may be 

 most easily recognized by the oval, yellowish green or brown 

 body. Investigations have shown that there may be four or five 

 generations in the latitude of Washington, and that by early 

 July the trees are deserted for the grains, grasses or other host 



iSchizoneura lanigera Hausm. 



