1 6 SYMBIOSIS AND MIMICRY IN LICHENS 



voted unanimously to Miss Boucherett, the Right Hon. Edward 

 Heneage, Mr. L. Tennyson D'Eyncourt, Lieut.-Col. F. T. Conway- 

 Gordon, and Mr. R. N. S. Nelthorpe, for freely opening their estates 

 for the expedition. Miss Boucherett was specially thanked for most 

 kindly offering hospitality which the Union, considering the limited 

 time at its disposal, could not avail itself of. 



NOTE— LICHENS. 



Symbiosis and Mimicry in Lichens. — One day last summer, whilst hunting 

 for cryptogams in Dentdale, I gathered a Collema apparently in full normal fructi- 

 fication. As the plant appeared a stranger to me, I carefully placed it in my 

 vascuium for future investigation. Subsequently, when I came to examine the 

 specimen with my microscope, I was greatly surprised to discover that the normal- 

 looking apothecia were in reality the thalli of an Endocarpon, bearing endocarpous 

 fruit. I handed the curiosity over to a botanical friend, who eventually forwarded 

 it to a noted Scotch lichenist, with whom he is slightly acquainted. This gentle- 

 man is evidently interested in the dual plant. He his written my friend two or 

 three notes about it, but has not yet arrived at a final decision in the matter. He 

 has, however, in the meantime given the parasite a provisional specific name as 

 a new Endocatpon. The most interesting part of the phenomenon to myself, how- 

 ever, is the close resemblance of the parasite to the ordinary fructification of its 

 host, so close as to deceive the most practised botanist without the aid of a micro- 

 scope. — A. Shackleton, Braithwaite, Keighley, December 20th, 1895. 



NOTES AND NEWS. 



We have received from Mr. William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, a reprint of his 

 paper on 'The Value of the Radula as an aid to Classification,' from the 1894 Report 

 of the Manchester Microscopical Society. It is illustrated by a couple of litho plates. 



The fourth volume of the 'Transactions of the Rochdale Literary and 

 Scientific Society,' which covers the years 1893 — l %95> lies before us. Most of 

 the papers are archaeological in their scope, and local science is only represented 

 by a paper by Mr. W. Watts, F.G.S., on 'Birds in Piethorn Valley, 5 one by 

 Mr. S. Sidney Piatt, F.G.S., on 'Large Fossil Trees found at Sparth Bottoms, 

 Rochdale, 5 one by Mr. T. S. Smithson on 'The Recent Cold Weather at Facit 

 during the Winter of 1894-5/ anc * one by Mr. J. R. Ashworth on ' Rainfall 

 in Rochdale and the Neighbourhood. 5 But all the papers are sound useful 

 contributions to knowledge, and the volume includes none that is not worth 

 printing. The proceedings show evidence of vitality and progress, and the 

 existence of so useful a Society reflects much honour on the people of Rochdale. 



Yorkshire naturalists and arch ceo logists have to mourn the loss of Mr. William 

 Grainge, of Harrogate, the well known local historian, antiquarian, geologist, poet, 

 and nature-lover, who died at Harrogate on the 29th of September last, at the age 

 of 77. He was born at Dishforth near Ripon, on the 25th January, 1818, and his 

 childhood was spent at the ancestral home of his family, a farm called Castiles, in 

 the parish of Kirkby Malzeard. On his father's death in 1845 ne removed to 

 Borough bridge, and in i860 he commenced business as a bookseller at Harrogate. 

 He was a voluminous and painstaking writer on archaeological and topographical 

 subjects, and will ever be held in remembrance for his ' History of Harrogate and 

 the Forest of Knaresborough ' published in 187 1, a most excellent and useful work. 

 The list of his antiquarian and topographical works is a long one, and he has left 

 in MS. the materials for many more. As a naturalist he published nothing, or 

 next to nothing, but he was nevertheless a well-informed botanist and geologist in 

 his own quiet way, and the extent of his acquirements in these directions is only 

 known to those who have had the enjoyment of his genial companionship on 

 country rambles. 



Natural! 



