36 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 



I am especially indebted to Mrv John Foster of Horton, who 

 is himself a good ornithologist, and whose father made a collection 

 of the rarer birds of the district, some of which are in Mr. Foster's 

 possession. The collection of birds in Giggleswick School museum 

 is of no local importance, having been collected from various 

 sources by Mr. Clapham, of Austwick, who presented it to 

 the School. I have been much assisted in my inquiries by 

 Mr. Clapham, and Mr. Coulthurst, of Bowerley, and Miss Watkins, 

 of Lawkland; and have received much help in collecting evidence 

 from Mr. D. R. Smith, now headmaster of Richmond Grammar 

 School, and many Giggleswick boys. Nor must I forget to mention 

 the local stuffers, Messrs. Harrison of Clapham, and Hardacre of 

 Giggleswick, and * Bird Dick ' of Austwick. 



Turdus viscivorus. Missel Thrush. A certain number breed 



here. Flocks on the higher grounds in autumn. 



Turdus musicus. Song Thrush. Abundant in the breeding 



season* Its migration may be clearly marked. Before the 

 leaves begin to fall, as many as twenty at a time may be disturbed 

 from the thorn bushes near the river ; by December only a few 

 are left in sheltered gardens ; in February and March the return 

 may be noted by their singing, first in gardens, then in more 

 out-lying places, and by the appearance of little bands of four 

 or six here and there, and by their being found on the hills, 

 under shelter of the walls, evidently on their way north. 



Distinctly later and fewer in 1895. 



Turdus iliacus. Redwing. Winter visitant : appears in 



varying numbers, often in company with Fieldfares. More 

 likely to be seen on the lower grounds in January and 

 February. 



Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. Winter visitant ; more regular in its 



appearance than the Redwing. By the beginning of November 

 may be looked for on the hills to the north. Was seen as late 

 as May 14th by the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in 1892. 



Turdus merula. Blackbird. Abundant. Its departure is not 



so easily marked as that of the Song Thrush, but very few 

 remain in midwinter. The return is mostly in the latter end of 

 February and in March. I have a note of a dying Blackbird 

 being found on the top of Ingleborough (2,373 feet) on 

 March 12 th. 



L 



Turdus torquatus. Ring-GuzeL Summer visitant, arriving at 



the end of March. Nests commonly in suitable places. 



Naturalist, 



