PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 39 



Motacilla raii. Yellow Wagtail. Abundant in summer on 



the pastures, returns in the middle of April, and not many are 

 to be seen after September has begun. 



Anthus pratensis. Meadow Pipit or Titlark. Very 



common in summer. The most frequent victim of the 

 cuckoo. Occurs sometimes in winter on the river-banks, in 

 hard weather. 



Anthus trivialis. Tree Pipit. Locally called 'Woodlark.' 



Fairly numerous in summer. 



Lanius excubitor. Great Grey Shrike. Mr. Foster 



remembers one being brought to him, which was shot near 

 Wharfe. 



Lanius collurio. Red-backed Shrike. I have been told 



that a nest was found near Tosside ; w r hich may be correct, as 

 it is recorded in Bowland, 1879, in the 'Birds of Lancashire.' 

 One in Mr. Tottie's collection at Coniston was got in April 

 1864. 



Ampelis garrulus. Wax wing*. Several were shot near 



Clapham about t86o. Two of these are in the possession of 

 Mr. Burton, of Clapham. 



Muscicapa grisola. Spotted Flycatcher. Common summer 



visitant, 



Muscicapa atricapilla. Pied Flycatcher. I have no evidence 



of its occurrence, but as it breeds lower down the Ribble at 

 Gisburne, and again farther north, I expect it may rarely occur. 



Hirundo rustica. Swallow. Abundant in summer. A variety 

 with white wings was seen this year (1895) at Lawktand. 



Chelidon urbica. House Martin. Abundant in summer. 



Nests under the edges of rock on the face of Malham Cove 

 (Yorkshire Vertebrates). 



Cotyle riparia. Sand Martin. Nests regularly in the river 



banks by the Deeps; also at Malham Tarn. Arrives about 

 April 1st. 



Carduelis elegans. Goldfinch. Used to be fairly common. 



Now rare. A few seen near Austwick, October, 1895. 



L 



Chrysomitris spinus. Siskin. One shot with Redpolls in 



February 18S6. 



Ligurinus chloris. Greenfinch. Fairly abundant in the 



breeding season; does not remain in midwinter. 



Coccothraustes vulgaris. Hawfinch. Has nested at Coniston. 

 It is found also north of us at Kirkby Lonsdale and Appleby. 



Feb. 1896. 



