82 GRABHAM : MARINE ZOOLOGY OF SCARBOROUGH. 



Jelly-fish ; the former is a beautiful object in the water, 

 -learning with all the colours of the rainbow, and attains a great 

 size* Out at sea one occasionally comes across huge masses of 

 them, and I remember once when bathing from a boat oft 

 Flamborough Head swimming into a regular phalanx and having 

 to beat a hasty retreat, as the effect of their ' nematocysts ' or thread 



r 



cells had the same effect upon my shoulders as if I had been stum 

 with nettles. There are several species of Sea-slug, the Naked-gilled 

 Sea-slug (Doris ptilotd) being found under the rocks between high 

 and low water. The Anemones are the beautiful large plumed 

 (Plumaria), the common Actinia mesembryanthemum, the Bu nodes 

 trassicornis, locally known as ' Scardoodles/ and used by the fisher- 

 men for baiting their long lines, and the Akyonium digitatum, 

 a beautiful thing enough in life, but when dead very repulsive 

 looking, and often found washed up on the shore in masses after 

 heavy weather; known to the fishermen as ' cows' paps' or 'dead men's 

 fingers.' Amongst the Echinodermata, of Starfish I have found the 

 following: — Ophiura textnrata (Sand Star), Ophiocoma rosula (Brittle 

 Star), Uraster rubens (Common Cross-fish), Crihella oculata (Eyed 

 CribelkO, Solastcr papposa (Sun Star), S. endeca (Purple Star), Pal- 

 mipes membratiacens (Bird's Foot Sea Star). The Common Cross-fish 

 and the Sun Star are much used as food in the hard weather by the 

 ( Irey or Hooded Crows (Corvus t>rnix). Of Sea Urchins — Echinus 

 sphere (Common Sea Urchin), Amphidotus cordatus (Common Heart 

 Urchin), Spatangus purpureas (Purple Heart Urchin). A fisherman 

 who brought me a large specimen of the latter, with all the spines 

 off it, assured me that they were always known to them as ' Monks' 

 eggs/ i.e., the eggs of the Monk or Angel Fish {Squalus sguatina). 

 Of Vermes — the ubiquitous Lugworm (Arenicola marina), found 

 wherever there is sand, and much used for bait ; a greenish-coloured 

 creature, known locally as 'a Thirsk,' and in great request amongst 

 cod-fishers, whose exact patronymic I have b< n unable to find out. 

 Serpula, on nearly every large shell, piece of rock, etc. TireMla, 

 SaM/iij and the Aphrodite aatleata or Sea Mouse, with its beautiful 

 iridescent hairs. I have only come across one specimen myself, 

 and that was taken out of the stomach of a Codfish, Of Crustacea 

 (i) Cirrhipeds or Barnacles. The autumn of 1894 was remarkable 

 for the quantities of the Ship or Goose Barnacle that were washed 

 up attached in great masses to all manner of flotsam and jetsam, 

 wood, cork, etc., and I had brought to me a hollow glass globe, such 

 sls is used at times to ornament the top of a yawl's mast, which had 

 been taken floating in the sea 80 miles off Scarborough, and to which 



£5"? 



were attached, at the only rou 1 part where a foothold was afforded. 



Xatti ■ 



