limited area, to abound ; 
10 Armitt: Trees and Tree-Nesters. 
belt of woodland has almost an avian character of its own, owing 
to the opportunities it offers to hole-breeding birds. Not only 
do the birds that invariably breed in trees here flourish—the 
Brown Owl, the Tree-Creeper, the Marsh Titmouse, the Pied 
Flycatcher—but birds that elsewhere in Lakeland nest generally 
in walls, such as the Jackdaw, Starling, Great Titmouse, Blue 
Titmouse, and even the Redstart, here revert to a possibly 
pristine habit of tree-nesting. 
n an eight years’ experience in another part of Lakeland, 
I never happened to know of a Blue Titmouse’s nest in other 
than a building-hole ; while the first spring’s acquaintance with 
ws 
SE) 
The nesting Oak, for two ogee of the Pied Flycatcher. The hole is in the boss on the 
left, overshadowed by ivy.—From a photograph by Mr. J. R. White 
this woodland stretch showed, unsought, three nests in holes of 
trees. The Great Titmouse, whose secrets are rarely told, was 
seen to feed its brood in an ancient Holly tree. 
Redstart afforded the long-sought instance 
Out of eleven nests known that season in the 
neighbourhood, nine were in wall-holes 
Even the 
of tree-nesting. 
immediate 
as usual, one in a 
natural pile of stones, and the remaining one was placed in the 
crevice of a pollarded Ash, where Polypody-Fern made green 
shade about the boss. 
As for the Pied Flycatcher, it may be said, upon a very 
and though this area spreads beyond 
Naturalist, 
