McLean: Avifauna of Statthes and Loftus-in-Cleveland. 143 
(demia nigra. Common Scoter. Seen every year off the 
coast, occasionally also on the moors. 
Mergus merganser. Goosander. I have seen them from the 
beach, close in to the rocks. : 
Mergus albellus. Smew. Occasionally met with near the 
coast. I remember once after a storm in March seeing 
several in the beck near Skinningrove. 
COLUMBID<E. 
Columba palumbus. Ring Dove. Abundant; numbers largely 
increased in the autumn and winter, immense flocks coming 
in severe weather. 
Columba cenas. Stock Dove. Fairly numerous, breeding in 
most parts of the district. 
Columba livia. Rock Dove. Common; large numbers breed 
in the cliffs. The pigeons from the cotes round about pair 
and breed with them amongst the rocks. I have frequently 
seen their nests with several colours of birds in them. 
Turtur turtur. Turtle Dove. I cannot hear of its having 
been seen except in the autumn and occasionally in spring. 
PHASIANIDE. 
Phasianus colchicus. Pheasant. Abundant. 
Caccabis rufa. Red-legged Partridge. Has occasionally 
been shot early in September, and has most probably bred 
in the district. 
Perdix perdix. Partridge. Numerous. 
Coturnix coturnix. Quail. Has been known to breed, but 
not for some years. 
TETRAONID. 
Lagopus scoticus. Red Grouse. Pientif!; I have seen 
packs leave the moors in very severe weather, and go 
on to the beach. 
Tetrao tetrix. Black Grouse. Very rarely seen. One 
during the autumn and winter of 1864 took up its a»ode 
in a rabbit warren facing the sea, but disappeared in the 
spring. It was a male bird. 
RALLIDA. 
Rallus aquaticus. Water-Rail. Occasionally seen in the 
summer, and no doubt breeds in the district. The numbers 
are increased in the autumn. 
May 1899. 
