Foster: Integration in Science. 219 
differentiation of which I have spoken. He has, as we have 
seen, been cut up into little bits, and while the bits have 
Bh ctished and grown great, the whole has vanished from sight. 
Not only so, but in the partition something has been lost. If 
you attempt to put the pieces together, you will find that they 
do not piece into a whole; gaps are left where fragments have 
fallen away. 
Looking at the matter more closely, you will find that the one 
thing which is missing is just that upon observing which the old 
naturalist was chiefly bent. Watch the work of the modern 
morphologist, physiologist, systematist, whether he labours 
among plants or animals, be by his side in the laboratory or 
the museum, read wha it is only 1 
paratively rare instances you shall find that in his discussions 
and speculations, in working out the morphological, 2286 
logical, taxonomic, systematic, conclusions to which he comes, 
he makes much use of, or even takes much count of, dae which 
was the chief occupation of the naturalist of old, the study of 
the habits and ways of living things, such as can only be carried 
out in the field. 
This is not a wholesome state of things. But how shall it be 
mended ? 
It is no use kicking against the pricks, it is no use attempt- 
ing to go backwards, it is no use trying to stop the tide of 
differentiation on which I have dwelt ; that will go on, must go 
on, swelling as it goes. We must look for help by going 
forwards, not backwards. And we may do so with hope, confi- 
dent that the full development of difference will end by opening 
up the path to unity. We may indeed even now see signs that 
there is a goal before us toward which we may stretch. 
The morphologist, when, having satisfied himself touching 
his lesser morphologic laws, he attempts to go beyond these, 
finds himself grappling with problems, to solve which he has to 
join hands with the physiologist from whom he has been parted 
so long. Along one line of inquiry he has already reached this 
point. Among the researches of the past few years, none are 
more pregnant than those in which the morphologist, studying 
the problems of embryology, has left the beaten track of tracing 
out the phases through which the developing animal successively 
passes in the normal course of events when left to itself, and has 
tried to see what happens when the ovum or the embryo is 
interfered with on its road. In doing so he has been putting his 
hand to the physiologist’s chief aid in inquiry, the experimental 
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