2 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
membrane has broken down in the anaphase, the spindle develops 
enormously and occupies a broad zone between the two daughter 
nuclei (fig. 14). 
The two cells formed at this division are sperm mother cells, 
as we have already shown in case of Dioon edule (4). In each of 
the sperm mother cells a sperm is formed, and subsequently escapes 
by the breaking down of the wall of the mother cell (fig. 15). 
The blepharoplast is the largest yet recorded for any cycad, 
seldom measuring less than 20/ in diameter, and occasionally 
reaching a diameter of 27 #, while blepharoplasts 25 » in diameter 
arenotrare. The enormous size of this blepharoplast will be appre- 
ciated when one remembers that nuclei in the meristematic region 
of the familiar onion root tip (Allium Cepa) seldom measure more 
than 15 # in diameter and rarely reach a diameter of 20”. Natu- 
rally, this blepharoplast is favorable for study, and from the collec- 
tions of six years the series of stages is very complete, but since 
such a study should be strictly cytological, I shall reserve for a 
special paper the division of the body cell and the behavior of the 
blepharoplast in the formation of the ciliated spiral band. Dur- 
ing the formation of the spiral band, remarkable changes take place 
in the nucleus of the sperm, and these will also be considered in the 
special paper. For the present, we need only say that the solid 
blepharoplast becomes vacuolated, and breaks up into a mass of 
granules from which the greater part of the ciliated band is formed. 
The band starts in contact with the nucleus, the lowest turn being 
formed first, and ends at the apex of the sperm. The most usual 
number of turns of the spiral band is 7, but 6 and also 7.5 are found 
occasionally. The spiral may be either right or left, or better, it 
may be formed either in the direction of the hands of a clock or 
contra clockwise. The actual direction is usually with the hands of 
the clock, but camera lucida drawings will show the contra clock- 
wise spiral, since the microscopic image is always reversed. In 
many instances it was possible to determine the direction of the 
spiral in both of the two sperms from the same body cell, and in 
most cases one showed the clockwise and the other the contra clock- 
wise direction. 
The sperms of Ceratozamia are not so large as those of Zama or 
