1912]. GLEASON—PRAIRIE GROVE 4I 
entirely second growth. Old stumps may be seen which are two 
feet or more in diameter, and a few veteran trees are still standing. 
The forest is open enough to permit the growth of blue grass, and 
the continual pasturage has resulted in the destruction of nearly 
all the native herbaceous species. The chief native plants remain- 
ing are Muhlenbergia Schreberi, Geum canadense, Sanicula cana- 
densis, and Veronica virginica, and occasionally a small thicket of 
Corylus americana. Verbascum Thapsus and some other intro- 
duced weeds are frequent. At the margin of the forest there are 
Ara Ce) ee 
ep aT ahi hi! 
Fic. 1.—Forest at south end of the grove; Quercus imbricaria is here the domi- 
nant tree.—Photograph by ARTHUR G. VESTAL. 
in some places small thickets of Pyrus coronaria, Crataegus sp., 
Prunus americana, and Viburnum prunifolium. 
Near the middle of the grove, from south to north, several other 
species of trees are common. Most important among these in size 
and number is the bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa, which gave the 
grove its name. A few large trees, three to four feet in diameter, 
serve to give some idea of the dimensions of the original stand. 
There are also numerous trees of Juglans nigra, Ulmus fulva, 
Celtis occidentalis, Prunus serotina, and Gleditsia triacanthos. The 
four species of the south end of the grove are still present, although 
naturally relatively less abundant. Near the margin of this portion 
