1912] BERRY—NEOCALAMITES 177 
material. The second is clearly erroneous. The Virginia speci- 
mens are cone scales, and while it is merely a supposition, I would 
be inclined to consider them as representing contemporaneous 
cycadophytes rather than Araucarieae. 
The new species of Neocalamites was collected by the writer and 
T. E. WiLtarp of the U.S. National Museum, and is named in 
honor of Dr. F. H. KNowtron, who was instrumental in bringing 
about the writer’s visit to the mine. 
Neocalamites Knowltoni, sp. nov. 
The main axis is preserved for a distance of 14 cm., and shows 
8 nodes in this interval. It is slender, being 8 mm. across the 
flattened proximal end, and 6 mm. across the flattened distal end. 
The nodes are about 2 mm. apart, and show no traces of leaves 
or sheaths. The surface is lined longitudinally, and there is no 
apparent alternation of vascular strands at the nodes, a variable 
feature in this whole class of plants and much less important than 
was formerly supposed to be the case. Leaf-bearing branches 
opposite. They were possibly in whorls in some cases, since there 
appear to be 1 or 2 branch scars just above certain of the nodes, 
which, if they indicate fully developed branches in addition to the 
two opposite ones which are preserved, would make the leaf- 
bearing branches 3 or 4 in number at these respective nodes. It 
is believed, however, that the functional branches were usually 
but 2 in number and opposite, since no traces of additional branches 
are preserved. If other branches developed occasionally, they 
may be regarded as reversions to an ancestral verticillate arrange- 
ment, and the branch scars above mentioned may be interpreted 
as the scars of such aborted or non-persistent branches. 
Lateral foliage-bearing branches preserved for a length up to 
7 cm., slender, being not over 3 mm. across at the proximal end 
after flattening due to the compression of fossilization. Inter- 
nodes short, about 1 cm. in length, longitudinally striated. 
Leaves in whorls of 9 or to at the nodes of the lateral branches, 
apparently free, although they may be slightly united at the base 
as in the paleozoic Annularias, the material collected being not 
entirely conclusive on this point. They are linear-lanceolate in 
