98 _ ° HE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
_ Fucacee; such injury) being per ageaiad the result of attack by 
fishes, etc. As distinct from such causes, however, is the all- 
: my 
rming a nest for small parasitic animals. Dr. Kiister does not 
seem conversant with the literature on this subject, small though it 
is, for he alludes to the paper by Prof. Schmitz as being the one 
exhaustive work on gall-formation in alge. Work has, however, 
been done by Magnus on malformation ¢ by Chytridiacee in 
Ceramium, and the Vaucheria galls have been described by Vaucher 
we Om @eau douce, ~ iii. 1803) and (A ci. Nat 
Zool. ser. 6, t. vii. 1878). The galls on <Ascophyllum nodosum 
caused by Tylenchus fucicola, a nematode worm, are fairly common, 
and are described in Murray’s Phycological Memoirs, pt. i. p. 21, 1892, 
while the copepoda galls on Rhodymenia ganas me described and 
figured in this Journal for March, 1891. subject of gall- 
formation among =e would well repay seaher. say both to ae 
— and the zoologist. 
third disse, of Dr. Kiister’s paper treats of the proliferous 
area sO a = in some alge. He negatives the state- 
ment of Kiitzing that in some cases these outgrowths take place from 
the base of eceplontinedine ; es the only case of any such growth 
is in Notheia anomala and in that alga the shoot from the base of 
the ink ance is not the car of any injury, but is the natural 
mode of branching. A list is given of alge bearing abnormal pro- 
iifeabie nage ; it is also noted that this growth takes place, 
as a rule, from the midrib, and by no means necessarily in absolute 
injured, the other containing those in which such rowth is the 
result of accident or injury. But for the serious consideration of 
such grouping, as tending to show any true relationship, mucl 
proof would have to be brought together. The object of this 
formation of new thallus is presumably the replacement of assimi- 
latory tissue, and the author suggests, as-a continuance of this 
line of investigation, that note should be made as to which alge are 
most attacked by animals, and what, if any, are their modes of 
self-preservation. =) would be interesting to see how far injury and 
proliferous growth are interdependent. 
The last aeaian deals with the vegetative reproduction of alge, 
ed that of Padina pavonia, which the author describes from his 
experiments. As the result of an lacy, the under side of the 
thallus of this alga sebaitie clothed with a ‘‘ velvety covering” of 
young origrions plants, the young stages of which are her e figured. 
Dr. Kiister closes his paper with the remark that vegetative repro- 
duistiog: ne this result of serious injury is probably far more common 
than has been supposed, and refers to the work done in this direction 
on Haplospora globosa and Pheospora tortilis. 
Ernex §. Barron. 
(To be concluded.) 
EPS AS Ce RT Re TTS Se RT eee 
