166 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
macro-cladous, generally drepanocladous, sometimes homalo- and 
cato-cladous or eury- and dasy-cladous; in somewhat extended 
tufts in low-lying damp grassy places in alder and birch swamps. 
Stem-leaves of medium size to small, not rarely with pseudo-fibrils ; 
hemi-isophyllous forms not rare. : 
(9) Var. squarrosulum Russ. in Archiv. Naturk. Dorpat. Biol. 
vii. 1870, 130. Plants very small; branch-leaves recurved at apex; 
branches shorter, only slightly curved. é 
10) Var. stachyodes Russ. in Warnstorf, Europ. Torfm. ser. 1. 
from the base to the apex. Capitulum not broader than the rest of 
the plant, comal branches generally very regularly radiating ; 
generally only green or yellow-green at the top, below yellowish or 
whitish; brachy- to meso-, more rarely macro-cladous; homalo- 
drepano-, ano-, and ortho-cladous, often delicate and dasycladous. 
Small to very robust, forming cushion-like masses in swamps and 
grassy places in woods. 
(11) Var. werophilum Russ. in Archiv Naturk. Liv- Est- & 
Kurl. x. 4, p. 503 (1894). Stem-leaves small to medium size, 
lingulate-rectangular, very broadly truncate, at times wider at the 
fimbriate apex than at the base. Capitulum not marked, generally 
dasycladous ; greyish or yellowish green, generally yellow to brown. 
In relatively dry places, and most of the alpine forms of the species 
belong here. Sometimes compact and homalo-, ano-, or ortho- 
us; sometimes delicate, soft, and leptocladous; sometimes 
robust, rigid, and pachycladous. 
ooser and deeper or denser and shorter, pale yellowish-green, gree, 
brownish-yellow, violet-, rose-, or purple-red. 
Wood-cylinder usually red, more rarely pale. 
Stem-cortea irregularly 2-3- or 3-4-layered; superficial cells 
with irregularly scattered small or large non-bordered pores; inner 
cortical cells with numerous small pores. 
Fascicles with 4-5 branches, distant or closely approached ; 
2-83 stronger branches spreading, recurved and homalocladous, or 
