222, THR JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
basal part numerous near the commissures, calf round, and weakly | 
ringed or non-bordered. Pores on the outer surface of f the leaf 
large and very numerous along the commissures. ey become 
gradually larger and less s trongly ect from the apex down- 
wards ; the pores near the base and near the lateral margins are 
almost or quite without border, and are satoaked in the middle of 
the cell-wall between the fibrils. 
Chlorophyllose cells in section triangular to trapezoid ; inserted 
between the only slightly convex hyaline cells on the inner surface 
of the leaf and we always free; on the outer surface either 
enclosed or para 
oicous, more ee dioicous; male branches in the an 
theridium-bearing part clavate and red, later with the apex 
the sterile branches, generally suddenly produced into a short, 
truncate and toothed apex, in the lower half either entirely without 
fibrils and pores Poi delicate si erg fibrils. Leaves 0 
the fruiting branches large, ovate, usually composed in the lower 
part of pea noe ban and pitted “hlardehglieee cells only ; 
at and above the middle of the leaf, of both kinds of es and at 
the truncate apex generally formed only of very short, narrowly 
rhomboid Meagan oe cells ; hyaline cells Semi pean. 
times divided, but almost always without fibrils and pores; 
border wide; spores walt ak papillose, 25-30 » in diameter. Fruit 
common. 
b. The commonest and most widely distributed of all the 
European ja being found both in the lowlands, on moors, 
and in high mountain regions. In Britain i uld, however, 
appear to be less common than — nae species of the Acutifolia 
section—e. . subnitens and S. rubel 
S. aoutifolinm is Sstiseminhed | from ie -cagnn by (1) the form of 
the go — ; (2) the absence of pores in the superficial layer 
of the m-cortex, which are frequently ome in S. subnitens, 
and egaep present in S. quinguefarium and S. Russowti ; (8) ) by the 
branch-leaves when dry being always without metallic lustre, and 
almost — wie closely imbrieate, never secund, squarrose or dis- 
tinctly és 
The umerous varieties depend upon the colour of the 
tufts, i ne ye upon the greater or less degree of robustness 
of the plants, and the length and direction of the branches. 
Distrib. Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America 
j nst. in E 
yellowish or pale greenish above, the capitulum rarely more or less 
reddish. 
Var. flavescens Warnst. in Bot. Ver. der Proy. Brandenburg, 
xxx. 1888, 114. Plants yellowish throughout. ; 
Var. flavo- -glaucescens Aipinny in Schrift. der Naturf. Ges. 
Danzig, N. F. Bd. ix. Ht. mst 158. Plants having the capitulum 
alien or at times ee -green, paler below. 
Var. flavo-rubellum Warnst. in Bot. Gaz. xv. 1890, 198. Plants 
faint reddish mixed with pale yellow 
