THE EUROPEAN SPHAGNACEE 841 
apex, with incurved margins; when wet distinctly five-rowed, when 
dry either almost non-undulate or more or less undulate, slightly 
glossy, and generally having only the extreme apex erecto-patent 
or recurved. Border of 4-5 rows of cells. Hyaline cells with 
um d rils; on 
upper half with numerous, somewhat large, non- -bordered pores in 
ras the cell- angles ; on the outer surface in the upper part with 
mall pores in the upper or lower cell-angles, and also in part in 
the lateral adi — or frequently even several in short rows on 
the commissures ; in the lower half of the leaves, especially towards 
the lateral sche fm with large pores in the upper cell-angles, or 
not rarely with several in each cell. 
Chlorophyllose cells in section equilateral- to isosceles- triangular, 
with the base of the triangle on the outer surface of the leaf; the 
height of the triangle about equal to half the diameter of the 
hyaline cells; hyaline cells united together for some distance, so that 
the chlorophyllose cells are completely enclosed on the inner surface. 
H n deep bogs, chiefly in the north. 
“pe i England, sire: Finland, Germany; N. Americ 
Gers peg from all a —— -forms ‘6 ate! 
Wilson) Wheeldale Moor, Goathland, N.B. Yor kshire (Anderson) ; 
Ballypowss Co. Down, Ireland (Waddell). 
. §. Torreyvanum ‘Sulliv. in Mem. Americ. Acad. Arts & Se. 
New Ser iv. 1849, 175. 
Syn. 8S. cuspidatum Ehrh. var. Torreyanum Braithw. The 
Sehiden. 1880, 84, et var. miquelonense Ren. & Card. in Révision 
des Sphaignes de l’Amériq. du Nord, 1887, 17. 
Stem-cortea: in 2. 3 layers, clearly differentiated from the thick 
wood-cylinder. 
Stem-leaves in comparison to the size of the plant. rather small, 
up to 1-14 mm. long, and at the base about 1 mm. wi Pe isosceles- 
triangular or _ triangular- lingulate, acute or with more 0 se 
toothed apex; border very wide, much widened below ee 
cells in te middle above the base wide, several times septate na 
at times with rudimentary fibrils; in the other parts of the leaf 
narrow, tube-like, and either non-fibrillose or with fibrils towards 
the apex; on the inner surface in the upper half generally with 
wae! membrane-gaps. 
ascicles with as a rule four branches, either all of almost equal 
size aa spreading or 1-2 distinctly thinner and appressed to the 
stem; the stronger branches sometimes longer, sometimes shorter 
and frequently = enim at the thinner apex. 
