100 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
that a complete series is exhibited in the genus Araucaria with 
A. Bidwillii standing as the most primitive and A. brasiliensis and 
A. imbricata as the most specialized. In preceding papers of this 
series the reviewer has discussed EAMEsS’s views in relation to the 
gametophytes (6) and the embryo (7). 
_ Although Sinnott (59) concludes from his study of the podo- 
carps that they have been derived from the Abietineae directly, 
and not through the Araucarineae, his view is incidentally interest- 
ing in that it points out that on this assumption the podocarps 
become the aia ste members of the group instead of the Saxego- 
thaea~-M achrys forms. In his diagram it would appear that he 
thinks ‘his whole assemblage derived from the ancient Araucarineae, 
and that they had arisen by an approximately equal split of some 
ancient Abietineae, the other arm being the modern abietineans. 
From the text, however, it appears that ‘‘the close series of forms 
from Podocarpus to Saxegothaea is very suggestive as offering a 
key to the evolutionary development of the modern Araucarineae.”’ 
The argument turns on the interpretation of the vascular supply in 
these forms as a reduction series and the epimatium as the equiva- 
lent of a reduced ovuliferous scale. He calls attention to the 
already well known gametophytic resemblances, which his own 
studies have rendered more apparent, as evidence of a relationship 
between podocarps and Abietineae. In like manner he minimizes. 
the points of difference. He recognizes that his series can be read 
in the other direction, and calls attention to the necessity in that 
case of recognizing and accounting for what would be numerous 
parallel developments in the two lines. 
In the concluding section of his paper on the Araucarioxylon 
type (42) JEFFREY sums up the conclusions for the whole theory as 
follows: (1) ‘‘ The Araucarineae cannot have been derived from the 
Cordaitales since they possessed primitively a number of features 
which, so far as our knowledge goes, never existed in the cordaitean 
stock.’ (2) ‘‘The Araucarioxylon type is derived from ancestral 
forms which possessed opposite pitting, bars of Sanio, pr 
pitted rays, and horizontal and vertical resin canals.’ (3) “T 
primitive existence of these features in the ancestral type from se 
Araucarioxylon has been derived shows clearly that it has taken its 
