1915] HOLDEN—CUTICLES OF CONIFERS 221 
From these considerations it seems evident that this so-called 
Palissya presents a type of leaf new to paleobotany, and to indicate 
its similarity to living forms, it may advantageously be called 
Retinosporitis indica. It should be emphasized, however, that 
this name is not intended to signify that it is necessarily closely 
related to Retinospora, or indeed that it belongs to the Cupressineae 
-at all; but merely that in external appearance and epidermal 
structures it has certain features in common with that genus. 
Echinostrobus expansus 
The next specimen to be described has been referred by Frtst- 
MANTEL (8) to Echinostrobus expansus, with the statement that it 
is identical with Thuyitis expansus L. & H. (15). Fig. 2 shows the 
general decussately opposite disposition of the leaves; other figures — 
are given by FEISTMANTEL (Joc. cit. pl. goro); and fig. 6 shows the 
epidermis of a single detached leaflet. The dark crescent in the 
upper part may correspond to what was originally the free end of 
the leaf. Above it is a rim of fairly regularly arranged cells which 
is probably the ‘“‘marginal depression’? mentioned by LINDLEY 
and Hutton, while the astomatic part to the left may have been 
overlapped by the leaf adjacent to it. The epidermal cells are 
exceedingly irregular in shape, though below the midrib they tend 
to become somewhat elongated. The stomata are scattered with- 
out definite order beyond the fact that there is an astomatic area 
down the center, and that they are more abundant near the margins, 
where they might have been partially shaded by the adjacent 
leaves. The accessory cells (fig. 5) are almost invariably 4 in 
number, beneath them is at least one intercalary layer, and then 
the guard cells, which have practically disappeared. The depth 
to which the stomata are sunk is probably correlated with their 
relative abundance and direct exposure to the sun’s rays, for in 
living conifers of similar habit they are often less deeply sunken, 
but are usually confined either to the under surface of dorsiventrally 
flattened shoots (for example, Thujopsis dolabrata), or to the depres- 
sions where one leaf overlaps another (for example, Libocedrus 
decurrens, Thuja gigantea, Frenella sp., etc.). 
The sytematic position of branches of this type has long been 
a disputed point. They were first referred by LINDLEY and 
