ON THE GENUS CITTURA. 133 



CiTTURA CYANOTIS. 



This species belongs to that four-armed island, Celebes, with its 

 suggestive form and triple gulf, and particularly to the northern part of it, 

 Minahassa (which Mr. Wallace calls a "sweet native name ")*. He describes 

 it as quite a garden, full of fine coffee-plantations and rice-fields, with capital 

 roads. In the ' Malay Archipelago,' vol. i. p. 387, is a map of Minahassa, 

 with Menado (the chief town) and the lake Tondano, near which Cittitra 

 cyanotis occurs. 



Dr. Meyer sends me the following notes as descriptions of these 

 woodcuts : — ^, 



" The first is a view of Manadof, the chief town (if it can be called a 

 town) of the Minahassa, on the bay of Manado and on a part of the 

 mountains of the country — the part through which one generally enters 

 the ' bovenlanden ' [i.e. the 'highlands']. The view is taken from a 

 little to the north of Manado, and it looks to the south. The more marked 

 houses or streets are not to be distinguished, they being partly covered by 

 the trees. To the right, near the sea-shore, is a group of cocoanut-trees, one 

 of the finest adornments of the tropical landscape;};. To the left of this 

 group stands the bridge. Rarely do steamers come quite near it ; in the 

 greater part of the year the winds blow so hard from the sea that the 

 Manado road cannot be used at all. The ships anchor near Kema, on the east 

 shore of North Celebes ; and one goes on horseback from Kema to Manado 

 in some hours. The lower mountain in the background, to the left, is the 

 ' Empung ' (' empung ' means ' God ') ; the higher, to the right, is called the 



* "Minahassa" is compounded of asa, "one" (often pronounced esa) ; with maha the sig- 

 nification becomes " to make one " (or " to be joined ") ; and maha-assa is contracted into mahassa. 

 Putting in into the word, the signification becomes " made one ;" it is equivalent to " a league or 

 confederation ;" and thus mahassa becomes minahassa. (It should have the double ss.) 



t It is often written "Menado/' but " Manado" is more correct. 



X It is known that the cocoanut-tree only thrives well near the sea-shore, and does not grow 

 high up the mountains. 



