28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The split Rock quarries are the largest in the county but, as 

 already stated, the stone from these quarries was used in the making 

 of soda ash. The largest quarries from which the stone has been 

 taken for building purposes are on the Onondaga Indian Reserva- 

 tion, about 6 miles south of the city and located in the Tully quad- 

 rangle. From the reservation quarries stone for buildings in Syra- 

 cuse and elsewhere has been quarried for more than a century;- 

 much of the labor in the quarries was done by the Indians. 



Besides the two large quarries mentioned, there are a great many 

 smaller ones within the Syracuse region, from which large quanti- 

 ties of the Onondaga limestone have been taken. 



Economic features of the Helderberg and Manlius limestones. 

 The blue limestone layers of the Manlius have had an extensive 

 use for structural purposes in the city of Syracuse and vicinity, for 

 foundations, retaining walls and bridge piers. Large quantities 

 of it are crushed for use in macadamizing roads, for railway 

 ballast and for concrete. One of the largest quarries is that of the 

 Rock Cut Stone Company, formerly the Alvord quarry, about 3 

 miles southeast of Syracuse on a sidetrack of the Delaware, Lacka- 

 wanna and Western Railroad. The product of this quarry is shipped 

 by rail to more distant points. The recently abandoned quarries of 

 the Solvay Process Company at Split Rock have produced large 

 quantities of the Manlius limestone in connection with the over- 

 lying Onondaga limestone. Other quarries in this rock are Britton's 

 2 miles south of the city ; the Russell quarries at East Onondaga 

 2^ miles south ; Dunlop's quarry ; the Penitentiary quarry ; and the 

 new quarries of the Solvay Process Company at Jamesville, and 

 numerous others at Fayetteville and Manlius and along the escarp- 

 ment west of Onondaga valley. In fact there is an almost contin- 

 uous chain of quarries in this stone across the Syracuse quadrangle. 



The Manlius limestone has also been used for the making of 

 quicklime at many places in the vicinity. Besides the continuous 

 kilns located at many of the quarries above mentioned, there are 

 numerous temporary kilns at many places along the outcrop. MoslJ 

 of these are abandoned now and at present very httle quicklime is 

 manufactured in this vicinity. 



CEMENT AND LIME 



While cement or hydraulic lime can be made from nearly all thel 



argillaceous dolomites of the area, the two waterlime layers in thel 



upper part of the Manlius group are so superior to the others that 



they are used almost exclusively for this purpose in the Syracuse 



