12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



manufacture of red brick. It has been used in large quantities for 

 the same purpose at the village of Warner, a few miles west of 

 Syracuse, and also near Kirkville some miles east of Syracuse. 



The glacier that passed over this region removed large quantities 

 from the outcrop of these red shales, distributing the material over 

 the area south of the outcrop, thus leaving a rather broad belt across 

 the area in which the soil covering is prevailingly red from these 

 shales. 



CAMILLUS BEDS 



The Camillus includes a large part of the upper division of the 

 Salina beds and embraces all the series of shales, gypsum, salt and 

 limestones between the red Vernon shales below and the Bertie 

 dolomite above. In this area it consists, from the top downward of : 



1 Gypsum and gypseous shales 



2 Thin bedded limestone (Fiddler's Green) 



3 Gray to greenish colored shales inclosing deposits of salt and gyp- 



sum, with vermicular limestone and other calcareous layers. 



The total thickness of the Camillus beds in the Syracuse area is 

 about 6oo feet and. the outcrop forms a broad band across the quad- 

 rangle next in size to that of the Vernon shale. The upper gypsum 

 bed, the underlying thin bedded (Fiddler's Green) limestone, and 

 the vermicular limestone are well-defined lithologic units and mark 

 definite horizons in the great bed of gray shales. 



The upper gypsum bed varies from 25 feet to 63 feet in thickness 

 in different parts of the area. It is an impure mass of gypsum with 

 a variable percentage of intermingled shale and mud layers, but is 

 the bed from which almost all the great quantities of gypsum 

 quarried in the county have been obtained. The large and old 

 quarries, some of which were operated more than a century ago, 

 at Lyndon, between Lyndon and Jamesville, and those in the vicin- 

 ity of Fayetteville and Manlius are all at this horizon. It contains 

 a thin layer of salt at Lyndon. 



Fiddler's Green limestone, immediately underlying the upper gyp- 

 sum bed, varies from 20 to 40 feet in thickness and is a persistent 

 bed across the quadrangle and beyond. It is a thin-bedded lime- 

 stone dolomitic in character and, being more resistant than the over- 

 lying gypsum and the underlying shales, has a strong topographic 

 relief, so that the surface exposures are much greater than any 

 other portion of the entire Camillus group. The weathered surface 

 of some of the layers is characterized by many sharp narrow grooves 

 as though made by a knife, frequently forming two series cutting 



