THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA I9 



Other gases, together with finely divided dust, but not steam. Mr 

 Brun's results have made a deep impression and so far as they go, 

 are opposed to magmatic waters. They are however so different 

 from the hundreds of analyses made before him by competent 

 chemists, that many, including the writer, still adhere to the views 

 set forth above. 



We have as yet no sharp chemical criteria with which to dis- 

 tinguish magmatic waters from meteoric, except perhaps that car- 

 bonic acid is, as a matter of observation, when present in copious 

 supply, usually in a region of dying volcanic activity. F. C. Lincoln 

 has made a careful review of the records and has arranged the 

 results in fifty representative analyses. He then finds that the 

 gases when averaged from the fifty cases are, in the order of abund- 

 ance, and expressed in parts per hundred : 



Nitrogen (N,) 44 . 360 



Carbon dioxid (CO2) 36.303 



Oxygen (O2) 9 . 026 



Sulfuretted hydrogen (H2S) . 4-991 



Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2.057 



Hydrogen (H2) i .601 



Sulfur dioxid (SO2) .966 



Marsh gas (CHJ ." 638 



Carbon monoxid (CO) . 032 



Ethane ( C2H J 001 



Of the nongaseous matters, water is much the commonest, con- 

 stituting up to 95 per cent of the total condensed. In the above 

 figures some, probably a rather important portion, of the nitrogen 

 and oxygen is due to the admixture of atmospheric air in the sample. 

 Since carbon dioxid only forms .03 per cent of atmospheric air, very 

 little of it can have been derived from this source. 



These statements regarding the magmatic waters arc made, not 

 with the idea of presenting a brief in their advocacy, but l)ccaus.c 

 they are significant and must be considered in any discussion of 

 mineral springs. 



3 Connate waters. Connate is a name recently applied by A. C. 

 Lane to those waters which arc, so to speak, bom willi the rocks 

 which contain them, and which, absorbed by sediments during depo- 

 sition, are carried down with the sediments when the latter are buried 

 beneath other accumulations. H the sediments are marine, oceanic 



