THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA 23 



he brought together a series of analyses made in the 30's or earher. 

 With these in the chart, figure 2, have been combined a few others 

 of this early time or of. the next decade. All these analyses are 

 compiled in the tables at the close of this bulletin. 



The second group was made about thirty years later. Just be- 

 fore and just after 1870, Dr Charles F. Chandler prepared a very 

 valuable list, representing nearly all the better known springs both 

 in Saratoga and Ballston. They were chiefly published in the 

 ''American Chemist " for December 1871, page 203. As used 

 here they are amplified by one or two made in 1871-73 which appear 

 in Cairn's Quantitative Analysis. In 1905 or thereabouts the United 

 States Department of Agriculture through its Bureau of Chemistry 

 prepared an interesting series in connection with the investigation 

 of mineral waters placed on sale throughout the country. Some of 

 the samples were bought in the open market and a still larger series 

 was obtained at the springs by a representative of the bureau. 



Besides the analyses used in the charts, a number have been pre- 

 pared at the request of owners of springs by chemists of standing 

 and have been used in circulars or other advertising matter. They, 

 so far as available, and all the ones used in the charts, have been 

 compiled in the tables of analyses on pages 65-74. They are less 

 significant than groups made by the same chemist, whose sampling 

 and methods would be naturally more uniform, but they have value. 

 One must also hold judgment somewhat in abeyance as regards the 

 significance of analyses because of the artificial strengthening of 

 natural waters both with salts and with carbonic acid. To some 

 extent this has been done. 



In all the general statements which follow, the total of dissolved 

 solids is based on bicarbonates. These results, therefore, as earlier 

 stated, will be somewhat higher than the weight of the residue 

 obtained by evaporation. The extra molecule of carbonic acid is 

 driven ofif on evaporation. The bicarbonate, however, probably rep- 

 resents the salt as it exists in solution. In the first set of curves 

 only the most abundant of the dissolved salts are used, namely, 

 NaCl, CaCHCOs),, Mg(HC03), and NaliCO,. The others will 

 be commented upon but are too small to make nuich of a showing 

 when plotted as curves. 



In total dissolved solids the maximum found in the Saratoga 

 waters by the earlier analysts is 11,215 parts in a million, reported 

 for the Congress spring in 1843, by J. R. Chilton. The minimnni 

 is 3787, reported by J. H. Steel for the New Washington. 



