THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA 2y 



the Franklin 20,134. An analysis recently made of the latter spring 

 by the Department of Agriculture gave 20,542. 



These values vi^ill establish some conceptions of the extremes. A 

 study of the diagrams will give a better impression of the mean or 

 general composition. While not capable of definite expression, one 

 finds it nevertheless helpful to formulate a general idea of this 

 sort. Where, upon the charts, the curves take an approximately 

 horizontal course, they indicate a number of analyses of nearly 

 the same character, and if this feature is specially marked, values 

 fairly typical of Saratoga may be looked for. In the oldest set 

 of eight different springs, the totals of six lie between 6000 and 9000 

 parts in a million (353 to 530 grains to the gallon). In Doctor 

 Chandler's series of thirteen analyses, representing a range from 

 5000 to 20,000 parts per million, six lie between 10,500 and 12,000. 

 In the thirteen from the Department of Agriculture, there is an al- 

 most even decHne from the maximum, about 13,000 down to 3100. 

 There are then six between 2300 and 3100. 



In every analysis known to the writer, save one, NaCl or common 

 salt is the most abundant of the dissolved ingredients. The solitary 

 exception is an analysis of Geyser water, made by the Department 

 of Agriculture, in which NaHCOg, sodium bicarbonate, 5058 parts, 

 is more than three times the NaCl, sodium chlorid, 1588 parts. 

 The Geyser water, however, as analyzed by Doctor Chandler, was 

 normal. The analysis with the high percentage of sodium bicar- 

 bonate possesses more human than scientific interest. Except for 

 this exceptional case the NaCl curve is with small variations sym- 

 pathetic with the curve of total dissolved matter. The NaCl is 

 from two and one-half to three times as abundant as the next salt, 

 calcium bicarbonate, Ca(HCO;>)2. The maxima and minima of 

 NaCl are: earliest set — 7385 and 2531; Doctor Chandler's set — 

 11,938 and 2187; Department of Agriculture — 6873 and 738. 



Next to the NaCl, the calcium bicarbonate, CaCHCO.Jo and the 

 magnesian bicarbonate Mg(HC03)2 are the salts chiefly in evidence. 

 They may best be discussed together. They display marked sym- 

 pathy with each other, the Mg(HC0.5)2 being usually somewhat 

 less than the Ca(HC03)o. Among the older analyses, the maxima 

 are for the calcium and magnesium salts, respectively, 3966 and 

 2325. The minima are 714 and 544. In the analysis of the Star 

 water, however, E. Emmons reports 714 and 2218, respectively, a 

 relation which is extraordinary, as the subsequent analyses of Star 

 water arc both normal. Probably the separation of calcium and 

 magnesium in the analysis was faulty. In Doctor Chandler's scries. 



