THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA 3I 



iodin is 8.67 parts (.51 grains) or expressed as sodium iodid, 

 10.30 parts (.606 grains) in the Empire. The minimum is a trace. 



In the Department of Agriculture series the maximum elementary 

 bromin is 76 parts in a million, corresponding to 113 parts of 

 potassium bromid, in the Lincoln spring. The minimum was a trace 

 in the Vichy spring. All these analyses are recast to the potassium 

 salt. The iodin is much less. Its maximum elementary is 1.9, cor- 

 responding to potassium iodid 2.5 in the Lincoln. Its minimum is 

 none at all. 



The remaining haloid element, fluorine, was not reported in any 

 or the earlier analyses, but it is almost always mentioned as a trace 

 and assigned to calcium as calcium fluorid in the Chandler series. 

 Fluorine is not mentioned in the analyses from the Department of 

 Agriculture. Obviously when present its amount is extremely 

 small, almost beyond the detection of ordinary analysis. 



The presence of sulphates was noted by the early chemists who 

 mention them in four out of sixteen analyses. In these, the 

 sulfuric acid is assigned to sodium sulphate (NaaSO^) and ranges 

 in amount from 28.56 parts in a million to ii.o (1.68 grains in a 

 gallon to .65). In one case it was calculated as magnesium sulphate, 

 with .85 parts (or .05 grains). In the Chandler series it is always 

 assigned to potassium sulphate and varies from 91.8 parts in the 

 Star spring to a trace in several others (5.4 grains to a trace). In 

 the Department of Agriculture series sodium sulphate is used. The 

 maximum is 444.9 parts (26.2 grains) in the Arondack water, and 

 the minimum 2.1 parts (.12 grains) in the Geyser. 



Lithium is an element whose presence is greatly desired by the 

 purveyors of mineral waters because of its supposed medicinal 

 value. It does not fail in the Saratoga waters, but is in the cus- 

 tomary small amounts. It was reported in only one case by the 

 older chemists, in the Red spring, with 16.6 parts of lithium bicar- 

 bonate in the million (.94 grains in a gallon). As the bicarbonate 

 it is mentioned in weighable amounts in all the Chandler analyses,, 

 varying from 194.6 parts in a million in the Ilathorn (11.45 grains 

 per gallon) to 15.3 as the lower limit (.9 grains per gallon) in the 

 Seltzer. In the Department of Agriculture series the lithium is 

 recast as lithium chlorid which is about six times the elementary 

 lithium, whereas the lithium bicarbonate is nearly ten times. The 

 maximum lithium chlorid reported is 44.9 parts in a million, but in a 

 later analysis of the same water only 3 parts were found. In the 

 seventeen analyses, two lie between 30 and 40 parts ; one between 20 

 and 30; four between 10 and 20; and eight are less than to. one 



