THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA 33 



grains per gallon) in the Crystal spring and a minimum of 11.3 

 parts (.66 grains per gallon) in the Geyser. In the Department of 

 Agriculture series, silica is always reported. Its maximum of 42.7 

 parts (2.5 grains) is in the Magnetic. The minimum of 9.2 parts 

 (.54 grains) is in the Arondack. The values are quite uniformly 

 distributed between these values. Once in the Vichy spring, a por- 

 tion of the silica is recast into 27.6 parts of calcium metasilicate, 

 CaCSiO,. 



In one of the older analyses, made by J. R. Chilton of the Wash- 

 ington spring, 3.4 parts in a million (.2 grains per gallon) of calcium 

 chlorid, CaCL, are reported, and 11.56 parts of magnesium chlorid, 

 MgClg (.68 grains), but the later analysts do not estimate these 

 salts. Aside from the ones already passed in review, no other deter- 

 minations of solids were made by the early chemists. 



In the Chandler series organic matter is mentioned as a trace in 

 every analysis, but no other solids are recorded than the ones 

 already discussed. 



In the series from the Department of Agriculture organic matter 

 as such does not appear, but several determinations not reported in 

 the two earliest groups of analyses are mentioned. Ammonium was 

 found in every case and when expressed as ammonium chlorid, 

 NH4CI, it ranges from a maximum of 39.67 parts in a million in the 

 Carlsbad water (2.33 grains per gallon) to a minimum of .15 parts 

 in the Victoria. The radicles of both nitric (NO3) and nitrous 

 (NO2) acids are uniformly given. When recast as sodium nitrate, 

 NaNOg, we find 60.7 parts for the Star, followed by 16.3 for the 

 Arondack, 9 for the High Rock, 6 for the Seltzer and a trace or 

 none at all for the other thirteen. Sodium nitrite, NaNOo, appears 

 as 44.3 parts per million likewise for the Star, 11. 9 for the Aron- 

 dack, 6.6 for the High Rock, 4.4 for the Seltzer, and a trace or none 

 for all the rest. Occasionally in analyses of other chemists whose 

 work is not used in the above review, potassium nitrate is mentioned 

 but the amount is always small. The presence of these salts in 

 notable amount is so exceptional in the waters as to raise a query in 

 the minds of close students. 



The above review will make clear in a general way the ranges of 

 composition in dissolved salts as shown by the waters at different 

 times and by different chemists. The current remarks will bring 

 out also the variations of waters of this type and the changes in the 

 course of some seventy-five years, except in so far as the obvious 

 gradual weakening may have been compensated in later time by 

 artificial additions. A brief summary and tabulation of the maxima 



