THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA 



43 



GROUP 



CLASS 



Thermal 



and 



Nonthermal 



I Alkaline 



Alkaline- 

 saline 



3 Saline 



4 Acid 



SUBCLASS 



/Carbonated or 

 bicarbonated 

 Borated 

 SiHcated 



{Sulphated 

 ]\Iuriated 

 Nitrated 



Sulphated 



iMuriated 



Nitrated 



Sulphated 

 Muriated 



< 



< 



FURTHER 



DESCRIPTION 



'' Iodic 

 Lithic 

 Potassic 

 Calcic 

 Magnesic 

 Ferruginous 



'^Aluminic 

 Arsenic 

 Bromic 

 Iodic 

 Silicious 

 Boric 



FURTHER 

 DESCRIPTION 



^ Nongaseous 



Carbon- 

 dioxated 



Sulfu retted 



Azotized 



Carburetted 

 ^Oxygenated 



1 Alkaline waters are those which give an alkaline reaction and 

 contain carbonic, bicarbonic, boric or silicic acid ions in predominat- 

 ing quantity among the acids. 



2 Alkaline-saline waters constitute an intermediate group between 

 I and 3. They yield an alkaline reaction. Either with or without 

 the acid ions mentioned under i, they have in predominance, sulfuric, 

 muriatic or nitric ions. 



3 Saline' waters are those which have an alkaline or neutral 

 reaction and contain sulfuric, muriatic or nitric acid ions in pre- 

 dominating quantity. 



4 Acid waters yield an acid reaction and contain either sulfuric 

 or muriatic ions in predominance. 



In descriptions Mr Haywood suggests that the terms in the table 

 beginning with those headed " class " be used so that the columns 

 with slight modifications come in the following order: i, 4 through 

 aluminic, 3, 2, 4 from arsenic to the close, 5. The Hathorn spring 

 Mr Haywood describes as a nonthermal, sodic, muriatic, alkaline- 

 saline (lithic, bromic, iodic) carbon-dioxated water. Other springs 

 at Saratoga vary somewhat from this description. In those with 

 high calcium, we might have to introduce calcic after sodic ; perhaps 

 also magnesic. Not every water has enough lithium, bromin or 

 iodin to justify the terms lithic, bromic, or iodic. In a few sodiimi 

 chlorid is in such marked predominance as to throw them into the 

 saline class. The questionable analysis of the Geyser water with its 

 extraordinary sodium bicarbonate, would come under the first class 

 of alkaline waters. We are safe in saying, however, that the Sara- 

 toga waters belong under the alkaline-saline, rarely the saline 



