THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SARATOGA 45 



off several hundred feet beneath the surface and of course it shat- 

 tered the surrounding rock, in a way which might give greater 

 ingress to mineral waters, but might also give the weak surface 

 waters a more favorable entrance.- 



Where active pumping is carried on, as has been the case on the 

 properties of the gas companies, the ordinary level of the ground 

 water is lowered near the pump or pumps and its surface forms an 

 inverted cone, or approximation to a cone, called the cone of depres- 

 sion. The diameter of its base, or the radius of influence of the 

 pump, can be determined by observation if there are wells all about. 

 This matter was carefully studied on the property of the General 

 Carbonic Co., and it was found that the remotest depression of the 

 ground water observed was less than 400 feet from the pumps. The 

 influence was irregular, some wells even quite near each other 

 showed slight sympathy. 



Where the wells have been drilled through slate in order to tap 

 the productive limestone it is important to keep the casing tight 

 because the slates furnish a water containing sulfur compounds, 

 more particularly sulfuretted hydrogen, which even in small quanti- 

 ties gives an undesirable taste to the water. The inlet of surface 

 waters from the slates is thus not only weakening to the spring but a 

 detriment in other respects. 



In the history of a water and in comparisons, it is unavoidable 

 that samples should sometimes be taken from different vents on the 

 same property. Thus, when older springs have given out, or perhaps 

 have been obstructed with sediment, or have found other natural 

 vents, new bore holes have been put down. But they are so near the 

 old spring, as a rule, as to give presumptive evidence of tapping at 

 least much the same underground source. 



Parts per million 





J. H. Steel 



J. R. 



J. F. C. F. 



J. K. 





Before 



Chilton 



Dana Chandler 



Haywood 





1838 



1843 



? 1871 



1903-05 



I Congress spring 









Total 



11197-9 



11215.4 



12324.3 11915.3 



10232.7 



NaC) 



6545.0 



6185. I 



7384.8 6806.8 



5141.6 



CaCHCOg)^ 



2701.3 



2371.5 



3066. I" 2437.8 



2276.5 



Mg(HC03)2 



1628.6 



2325.6 



544.0 2069.9 



1674.9 



a Undoubtedly the separation of calcium and magnesium was incomplete, 

 some magnesium being weighed as calcium. 



