﻿BOTANICAL GAZETTE 



below, simulate fundamental elements, and if care is not used in 

 searching for younger stages of the lamellae, might easily lead one 

 into error in the interpretation of their origin. All of these features 

 are more strongly emphasized in figs. 56-63, from an older basidio- 

 carp, which represent somewhat older stages of development of 

 the lamellae. The lighter coloring of the trama, the fan-tailing of 

 the lamellae, and numerous swollen cystidia on and near their 

 margins are very clearly shown. At this stage of development one 

 might be misled as to the true origin of the lamellae unless the origin 

 of these structures was sought in earlier stages. 



From a study of the situation presented by these figures it is 

 very clear that the first salients, or ridges, on the under side of 

 the pileus, are from the young hymenophore palisade layer, just 

 as they are in C. comatus and C. atramentarius previously described. 

 The first ridges which appear are the fundaments of the lamellae 

 themselves. They do not arise as isolated ridges of cylindrical or 

 clavate cells, in the fundamental plectenchyma, and then split, 

 the halves separating and those of adjacent ridges then uniting to 

 form the gills, as described for C. micaceus by Levine (22). The 

 photomicrographs represented in his figs. 13 and 14 present very 

 strong evidence of being sections through the adnate portions of 

 the lamellae close to the stem, as I have already described for C. atra- 

 mentarius and represented in fig. 40. At this stage in the develop- 

 ment of the basidiocarp, the outer surface of the stem is strongly 

 oblique or nearly horizontal, and several serial sections in this 

 region would present the appearance shown in the figures in those 

 cases where the gill origins are on the apex of the stem as well as 

 on the under side of the pileus. At any rate, these figures represent 

 an old stage in the development of the lamellae, and if this peculiar 

 structure had been traced to its origin, the origin of the lamellae 

 would have been found. Even if there were no general, annular, 

 prelamellar cavity formed in certain individuals, or if it should be 

 insisted that the weak cavities where, in the shredding of the 

 ground tissue, some scattered hyphae or loose strands extend 

 across, are not general, annular, prelamellar cavities, the first 

 ridges or salients to appear are nevertheless the fundaments of the 

 lamellae; in other words, they are the gill origins. Brefeld was 



