﻿BOTANICAL GAZETTE 



from Newfoundland to Minnesota, and south in the mountains to 

 North Carolina. C. umbellulata, on the other hand, is confined 

 to the region from New York to Georgia and Tennessee. A com- 

 parison of the species shows the following differences: 



C. borealis 6 (fig. 2) C. umbellulata (fig. 3) 



Scape 2-4.5 dm - high 

 Umbel several to many- 

 flowered, pedicels shorter, 

 pubescent 

 Flowers white, odorous, often 

 purple dotted, 4-5" long 



Berry globose, few-seeded 

 tant difference in the foliage or 

 pubescence, though C. umbellulata frequently has larger leaves and 

 is usually more pubescent. C. umbellulata has, on the average, a 

 somewhat taller scape; its flowers are more numerous but only 

 half as large as in C. borealis; the pedicels are also shorter, more 

 slender, and more pubescent, and the ovules and seeds fewer. In 

 both species the leaves have ciliate margins. In C. borealis the 

 scape is nearly glabrous, the pedicels more pubescent; in C. umbel- 

 lulata the scape is pubescent and the pedicels densely so. Summing 

 up the differences, we find them chiefly quantitative, and yet the 

 species do not overlap and there is never any difficulty in dis- 

 tinguishing them, unless it be in the region where they both occur. 

 Here it is possible that there may be intercrossing, giving rise to 

 intermediate forms; but it seems clear, as Bateson 7 has pointed 

 out in similar cases, that such intermediates are, at least in many 

 instances, secondary and not primary in origin. They appear 

 where the two species come in contact, and result from crossing 

 rather than from original variations. 



Although C. umbellulata averages larger in size, its flowers are 

 conspicuously smaller, and white in color. It is evident that all 

 6 In drawing up the contrasting characters I have frequently consulted Gray's 

 Manual and Brittox and Brown's Flora. 



Flowers greenish-yellow, 8 

 long 



Ovules numerous, in 2 ro\ 

 Berry oval, several-seeded 

 There is apparently no 



