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BOTANICAL GAZETTE 



developer. With properly prepared copy, it is never necessary to use 

 this method for line drawing or stippled work. 



Half-tone. — This method is almost universally used for the reproduc- 

 tion of photographs of landscapes, models, and portraits. It is also used 

 for photomicrographs. With properly prepared copy it is very satis- 

 factory; but it must be remembered that the screen used by the engraver 

 makes black lines through every white portion, and white lines through 

 every black portion, thus reducing the contrast. Consequently, if the 

 copy is only a fine artistic photograph, the reproduction will be fiat and 

 lifeless. In making the negative, use a contrastyplate, develop with a 

 contrasty developer, print on a glossy paper, and squegee the print. 

 Contrast should be so over-emphasized in the copy that the reproduc- 

 tion, rather than the copy itself, shall represent what the author de- 

 sires. If the figure is to appear as a text cut, 4! inches in width, it will 

 be much more satisfactory to use a 5X7 copy than a 31X44- An en- 

 largement of the copy by this method, or by any other, is wholly un- 



THE STRUCTURE OF THE SPIKELET OF APHANELYTRUM 



In Engler and Prantl's Pflanzenfamilien* Hackel proposes 

 Aphanelytrum as a subgenus of Brachyelytrum. He bases the subgenus 

 on a single species from Ecuador, Brachyelytrum procumbens Hack., 

 differentiating it from Eubrachyelytrum by its glumes, minute, "often 

 wanting," and by its thinner, shorter-awned lemmas. The grass was 

 first listed, without description, as Aphanelytrum procumbens Hack, 

 in Sodiro's enumeration, 3 based on Hackel's identification of his col- 

 lections of the en isses of Ecuador. Later Hackel describe* the plant 

 as a new genus, discussed its relationship and the structure of its inflor- 

 escence, and gave a figure of the supposed spike with three spikelets. 



In 1914, among South American grasses received for identification 

 from the Royal Botanical Garden at Petrograd was a specimen collected 

 by Jameson (no. 168) in Ecuador, which proved to be referable to 

 Aphanelytrum. The peculiar spike of three sessile spikelets, the upper 

 two with glumes obsolete, described by Hackel, is found to be a single 

 3-flowered spikelet with very long rachilla joints. In the generic 

 description Hackel says that the i-flowered, distichous spikelets are 

 alternate and subterminal along the branches of the subsimple panicle, 



'Nachtrage 2:42. 1897. 



» Ann. Univ. Quito Ser. 3:480. 1889. 3 Qesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52: 12. r 9° 2 ' 



