1916] FORSAITH—ALLOCTHONOUS PEAT y 47 
a sufficient mass of this type had accumulated to render the water 
shallow enough for the growth of herbaceous water plants. These 
plants gradually crept in from the shores until the surface was 
covered, and the accumulation of the remains of successive gen- 
erations of aquatica, together with the drifted and wind-blown 
material, eventually raised the amassed substance to such a height 
that it was above the low-water mark. This condition finally 
resulted in a change of flora to that of a more woody type, which 
has since formed the upper stratum of the deposit, the Verliéndung 
of German authors. : 
Lake Apopka, in Lake and Orange Counties, was the largest 
lake visited, and conditions were found to be very similar to those 
already described.for Lake Harris. The entire northern shore is 
fringed by a broad saw grass marsh, 4 miles in breadth, with a 
limited region of cypress and hard woods between this and the 
higher land, and locally, where this woody growth extends to the 
water’s edge. The western shore is bordered by pine hills which 
extend directly to the shore without the intervening marshy areas. 
A series of samples from the edge of the Cladium marsh (diagram, 
66) show material of a herbaceous nature, which is evidently 
composed of amassed Cladium effusum, Sagittaria lancifolia, Cas- 
talia odorata, Scirpus validus, etc., light brown and very fibrous 
in character. The basal portion, however, was of an allocthonous 
nature, in the form of a deep black, finely grained deposit, gradually 
becoming coarser in the upper strata. This material is situated 
above a deep gray marl. On the western shore, just outside the 
floating Castalia and Ubtricularia (diagram, 68 and 69), there 
appears a layer of fine black lacustrine peat over 20 feet in depth, 
and, as in other regions where similar formations occur, there is no 
coarse material present, but all the specimens are uniformly deep 
brown and fine, with a habitual absence of coarse gray or pink 
material. The eastern shore presents, instead of the fine alloc- 
thonous peat, a partially decayed bed of Taxodium and other 
woods of so firm a nature that it was impossible to force the probing 
instrument through it, and consequently samples could be taken 
only from the top, each of which presents a very coarse woody 
character. The presence of this type of peat formation a mile 
