516 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
established genus Tournefortiopsis from South America.—F. v. WETTSTEIN 
(Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 65:145-156. pis. 3, 4. 1915) gives an account of an alga 
found in Kremsmiinster, upper Austria, identifying it with nay a pyri- 
forme Ktz., for which he proposes the generic name Geosiphon.—R. S. WILLIAMS 
(Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42:393-404. pls. 21-25. 1915) in an article entitled 
““Mosses from the west coast of South America’’ describes several new species 
and records a new genus (Pseudocrossidium).—J. C. Wits (Jour. Linn. Soc. 
43:49-54. 1915) in continuation of his studies on the Podostemaceae, 
particularly in the light of material from Brazil, has proposed a new fa 
(Tristichaceae) to include Tristicha, Lawia, and Weddellina.—N. WoORON- 
ICHIN (Bull. App. Bot. 8:769-807. pls. 134-136. 1915) has published several 
new species of fungi, including also a description x a new genus, namely 
Antennulariella—A. ZAHLBRUCKNER (Rep. Sp. Nov. 13:528-537. 1915) has 
published 13 new species of Burmeistera and Cae a from Ecuador and 
Colombia. The same author (ibid. 14:133-142. 1915) records 21 additional 
new species of Lobeliaceae from South America.—J. M. GREENMAN. 
Botanical researches of the Carnegie Institution—The annual report* 
of the year 1915 affords a brief review of the varied lines of botanical research 
in progress at the Desert Laboratory and elsewhere under the general direction 
of the Carnegie Institution. It also announces the report of investigations 
that are now being published, or that are to appear in the near future. Only 
a few of the more prominent lines of investigation can be noted here, and among 
them none is more important than the group of problems relating to the condi- 
tions of plant growth, especially in relation to soil aeration and temperature, 
as well as to the processes of respiration and photosynthesis, by MACDOUGAL, 
LivincsTon, CANNON, SPOEHR, and their associates. Studies upon succulents 
are being continued by Macpoucat, LANG, and Brown; while the special 
water relations of plants have engaged the attention of LivincsToN in an 
improved form of atmometer and in some transpiration studies. This latter 
field has also been worked by BAKKE ‘and SHREVE, using the method of stand- 
ardized hygrometric paper. 
Among the more important lines of phytogeographic research are investi- 
gations of osmotic pressure of cell sap in relation to environmental conditions 
by Harris, of the vegetation of Arizona mountains by SHREVE, and of climatic 
cycles and successions by CLEMENTS. The investigations of various root 
systems by CANNON, of the Salton Sea region by a corps of workers, and of 
the relationships of the Cactaceae by BrrTTon and Rose are being continued. 
There have been also climatic studies by nagngh oe and genetic analyses 
by Lioyp, MacCattum, and TowEer.—GeEo. D. FULLE 
* Macpoveat, D. T., Annual report of the director of the department of botanical 
research. Carnegie taak: Washington Year Book no. 14 for 1915. pp. 55-106. 1916. 
