NATURE STUDY O11 
root growth seem to me to shade insensibly into one another. 
The problems the Elms present are more interesting than an 
other trees we possess, for man unwittingly has greatly helped to 
shape their later evolution. 
e authors do not seem to have worked out an intensity 
table for sun and wind for their underwood records. 
some pas artificial help it is almost impossible to record the 
varying aon of the flora. Here is one I have used for 
some yea 
Sun and Wind. 
. Full exposure to both. 4, Full shade and shelter. 
2. Slight shade and sma 5. Deep shade and shelter. 
3. Half shade and shelte 
The working S. and be Prise: the proper numbers after them 
record all that is require 
Lamium BRE esi 8. 2, W. 4. 
Viola palustris, S. 1, W. 4. 
Primula “ elatior,” S. 1, W. 2. 
Neottia Nidus- -avis, 8. b, W. 5. 
A. E. Wines 
Nature Stupy. 
Nature Teaching on the Blackboard. By W. P. Pycrart, F.Z.S., 
and Janet Harvey Ketman. Vol. i—Plant Life. By 
J.H. Kenan. 4to cl., pp. 134; 34 plates. Price not stated. 
London: Caxton Publishing Co. 
Lhe Aims and Methods of Nature Study: a Guide for Teachers. 
By Joun Rewniz, D.Sc., F.R.S.E.: with an Introduction 
by Prof. J. Arruur Txomson. 8vo cl., pp. xvi, 352; 178 
figures. Price 3s. 6d. London .B. Clive 
Eton Natwre-Study and Observational Lessons. By MATTHEW 
DavENrPo , and Winrrm Marx Wess, F.L.S. 
Sm. 4to el., pp. xvi, 174; "sviit. 155; illustrated. Price 6s. net. 
London: Duckwort & Co. 
Tue study of Natural ey which at one time occupied an 
important position in the curriculum of some of our public schools, 
me asure due to the withdrawal of those to whose fostering care 
he development of what is now called “ nature-s seed Re was due— 
the late T. A. Preston, for — who was fortuna te enough to 
see the results of his labours at Marlborough in n the career of more 
