SEEDLINGS. 27 
fig. 62). Dipsacus ferox has a very similar fruit, 
but no hypocotyledonary peg ; and it was found 
that 98 to 100 per cent. of the seedlings carry up 
the fruit in germination (fig 2). 
A subject full of interest is the growth of the 
cotyledons after emerging from the seed. Often 
they remain sm d insignificant and soon 
perish; in other cases they may grow con- 
siderably, as for instance in Crucifers like the 
radish or cabbage, but still retain more or less of 
their original shape, and show not the slightest 
relation to the form or appearance of the later 
eaves. In some Cucurbitacee and a number of 
Crucifere, the cotyledons, though entire in the 
seed, beco 
——o 
apparently sometimes due to a group of water ita seit 
stomata at the apex, which causes there a retar- Germination. x 3. 
dation of growth compared with that of the base 
and sides. This is the case in Sisymbrium officinale and also in 
Galium Aparine (fig. 3) and G. saccharatum. 
Fic. 3. 
Galium Aparine. A, young seedling. B, a few days older. x2. 
Very e are cases like Gunnera chilensis and Loasa, where the 
cotyledons, though totally different in form, possess in the one case 
the pubescence and ciliation, in the other the stinging hairs so 
characteristic of the leaves; the stellate scales of Hleagnus and 
Hippophaé appear directly above the cotyledons, and in Eleaynus 
angustifolia invade their petioles. In Sarraceniacex the cotyledons 
