ON SOME CASES OF INVERSION. 89 
mule here made its appearance from the base of the grain, while 
the roots proceeded from the other end—a topsy-turvy arrange- 
ment, the explanation of which has not yet been revealed.* 
Fig. 4. 
\ Embryo from 
the side. 
Fig. 3.—Barley grain with husk removed, showing 
the parts of the embryo. 
REVERSED POSITION OF THE CARPELS. 
In the genus Citrus, as also in Crataegus, Prunus, &e., supple- 
mentary carpels are occasionally met with, and whilst the ventral 
sutures of the normal carpels are directed centrally, (x , those of the 
adventitious productions are turned outwards, )x. In the pome- 
ica) it will be re 
8 
Where the increased number of carpels is really due to an augmen- 
tation of the pistillary whorls (pleiotaxy) the carpels are arranged 
in the ordinary manner. 
REVERSED POSITION OF THE GILLS OF MUSHROOMS. 
A very frequent malformation in Agarics is one in which the 
top of an ordinary pileus bears a second, but in an inverted 
* See Gard. Chron., March 15, 1873, and in Dr. Dammer’s German transla- 
tion of my Vegetable Teratology (1886), pp. 244—246. 
+ Lindley, Vegetable Kingdom, p. 735. 
