96 EXTRACTS FROM THE CENSUS OF THE CANADAS. [iSSS 



value of their wool. Here, too, the difference is difficult to be There can be no doubt that this mttst be' the feasor* for any 



accounted for, but the fact should open the eyes of the Canadian apparent decrease, for the experience of other countries shows si 



farmers to their interest. very different effect, as produced by railway travelling. 



The number of sheep in Canada, in round numbers, is In Great Britain, the number of horses employed at the great 



1,600,000, in Ohio, 4,000,000, although the number of acres railway termini, and the numerous intermediate stations, very far" 



occupied is very nearly the same, and the number of acres culti- exceeds the number formerly employed in the stage and posting 



vated only about one-third greater than in our Provinces. departments. The facilities afforded by railway communication,- 



. and the saving of time, combined with so much greater comfort-. 



In the value of wool alone the annual difference m has led to an enol . mous i ncrease f travellers, and the tens who- 



favour of the former is . .. £606,504 f ormel .i y travelled between the chief cities and towns of a coun- 



And in sheep at 7s. 6d. each, it is 879,465 tly> eitliei . on business or for pleasure, are now multiplied to hun- 



dreds. The main routes may be comparatively deserted, but it 



-Pi ^ C -C Qi^fl 



.-oi,*&o,ao j j s difficult t believe that the construction of railways, which must 



the latter item being capital, which, deducting the expense of be fed at every point with then freights, living as well as dead, 



keep, &c„ pays at least 33 per cent, per annum, net profit, and Can have any other effect than an increase in the employment of 



allowing for increase in numbers every year, might fairly be cal- noises. 



culated at fifty per cent The horses and mules of the whole Union, constitute a propor- 



It must, however, be observed, that notwithstanding the strik- ^ of 1 to 5 of the inhabitants _ New York has only 1 to 7 ; 



ine superiority of Ohio in this particular, the rate of increase in Pennsylvania 1 to 6 T V; and Ohio has 1 to 4fV In the new 



the number of sheep, as compared with that of the United States ^\ es of th f West, the increase m horses has kept pace with that 



would appear, from page 67 of Mr. Kennedy's report, to be greatly °* the population, and so also in Canada West the new townships 



in favour of Canada, for in ten years, the increase in the States snow a % greater lnc rease than the older ones, 



has been only ten per cent., and in the weight of the fleece only ....... '. " .,, 



32 per cent, whereas in Canada the increase in wool has, in nine Fro ™ thls , kmd „ of comparison it will be seen that there are 



years, been 64 per cent, and that of sheep 35 per cent, showing various branches of agriculture well deserving of the increased 



an improvement in the weight of the fleece of not far off 30 per ait ^™ ot the Canadian farmer, 



cent Ohio far exceeds Canada in indian corn, butter and cheese, 



„. . , . . „ , , j, , , , grass seed, wool, tobacco, and beef and pork. 

 The average weight in Canada is found to be : 



... 014 11 Canada far exceeds Ohio in wheat, peas, rye, barley, oats, buck- 

 In U pper Canada 2^- lbs. wheat, hay, hemp and flax, hops, maple sugar and potatoes ; and 



t u Tf 1 ' , a „TF i ^o, considering that Ohio has one-third more cultivated land, in 



In all Canada. 2^ lbs. total yame of ^ gtocfc ThJs beaK & proportion of on]y 12 | to 



Whilst in the United States it is, as per page 67 of the Abstract, ! 1> whilst the cultivated land of Ohio to that of Canada is as 1 



2xV or 2 T ^V lbs, showing on excess in favour of Canada in the -to <■$. 



average of nearly 3 oz. per fleece. The proportion too in both j n au t i le a b ove enumerated articles, viz.: live stock, grain, 



countries i. e, the whole United States and Canada, is about the otQei . f ;lrm produce, articles manufactured from flax, hemp and 



same, being about 9 sheep to every 10 inhabitants. Upper Ca- ^ beef and pork, Ohio exceeds Canada by £8,1 99,310, being 



nada has about 10 sheep to every 100 acres occupied; Lower very little over one-third more than the produce of Canada, and 



Canada has 8, and the United States has 7 T VV if t b e produce of the Forest be calculated, of which Canada ex- 



With regard to horses, there are in both Canadas, according to P° rt ? d in ^51, value for one million and a half of pounds, the 

 the Census Returns 385,377, or very nearly one to every five relatlve wealth P er acre would be ™ taYOUr of Canada ' 

 irmabitants, and they have increased during the last nine years The ratio of increase of population in Ohio for ten years, from 

 48 per cent. In some counties the increase has been very much 18 4 to 1850, is 33^- per cent.— that of Upper Canada in the 

 greater than this, for we find in Oxford an increase of 350 per sa n ie p er iod has been 1.04-^ per cent.— that of Lower Canada 

 cent, and in some townships in that county even 400 per cent; f or seven y earS) f rom 1344 to 1851, has been 20 per cent 

 this would induce a belief that there was some great error in the . . ■ -,-,■,-, ^ -^- • 1 

 returns of 1842 : but there seems to be no good reason why the Wben * ls considered, that there are 31 States, 1 District, and 

 number of horses should not have kept pace with the population ; 4 Territories ; and that Ohio has 8 per cent of the whole popula- 

 te wealth of the latter having also during that time so materially tlon of tho Union ,— 8f per cent of the gram of the whole Tj nion 

 increased. If in nine or ten years, the population has increased ™P' rice— and about 10* per cent, of all other agricultural 

 cent per cent; it is almost unaccountable that the number of P roduce not manufactured, and seven per cent of butter, cheese, 

 horses should not have increased in a similar ratio. beef > P ork and d ° m e st ie manufactures ot the whole union, and that 



Canada equals Ohio in acreable produce, is there not good rea- 



It is stated by the Census Superintendent, that in the United son for expecting that Canada, with her more extended scope, 



States, where Railways have been extensively constructed, the and her more rapidly increasing population, will, in a very few 



number of horses has very much decreased, and according to the years, make a much nearer approximation to the population of 



abstract accompanying his last Report, the number in New York the whole Union than Ohio does now. 



had decreased by 26,866; in Pennsylvania by 13,000; in New 



England by 77,000, or more than 25 per cent, " while in all the Already the population of Canada is more than T V of the 



States (he remarks) railroad conveyance " has almost superseded Union — the area in square miles, exclusive of the Territories is 



the use of horses for travelling purposes along the main routes." one-sixth, and of course in acres the same — in occupied acres 



He adds, " we would more readily attribute the apparent diminu- about-J, — in growth of wheat very nearly one-sixth of the whole 



tion to the omission to enumerate the horses in cities and towns Union — in bailey more than one-fourth ; in oats one-seventh ; in 



than to any superseding of horse power." buckwheat one-eighth ; in all grain, including Indian corn 



