1858] 



SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. 



127 



down. There is also a strong sliding frame, with four inclined planes 

 attached thereto, which works inside the wheels, and above the axle- 

 trees and bearings, and upon which are the usual springs and scroll 

 iron, supporting the carriage, which are attached to four cross-beams. 

 This invention has the combined advantage over the brakes now in use 

 in being more powerful and applicable at the proper place or part of 

 the train, and in being self-acting — the sliding frame having a raised 

 part at one end, which comes in contact with the buffers of an engine 

 coming up against it, and projecting a sufficient distance beyond the 

 carnage, that the incliues may be pushed forward, and the carriage 

 lowered just previously to the rollers or wheels of the engine coming 

 on the lower projecting parts of the frames for that purpose, which 

 circumstance immediately adds half its weight to the drag carriage, 



which stands firm, receiving the shock on powerful buffers, transfer- 

 ring it to the rails by means of the forked cutting above alluded to. 

 Models of both these inventions may be seen at the Society of Arts. 



Test for Copper. — The Techwlogidc gives a method for detecting 

 the presence of copper in spirits, and freeing them from it. Olive oil, 

 it says, is not only well known as an excellent test for indicating the 

 presence of a salt of copper in any liquid, but it is also a means of 

 clearing spirits from any traces of copper which may have proceeded 

 from the vessels in which they are distilled. If, for this purpose, a 

 few drops of olive oil are introduced into the spirits and shaken, in a 

 few minutes, as soon as it begins to separate, it will be seen to take a 

 green hue, and absorb all the copper which may happen to be present 

 so that the most delicate tests cannot fail to detect any trace of the metal. 



monthly Meteorological Register, at the Provincial Magnetical Observatory, Toronto, Canada West.— November, 1853. 



Latitude 43 deg. 39.4 min. North. Longitude, 79 deg. 21 min. West. Elevation above Lake Ontario : 108 feet. 



c 

 to 



P 



Barom. at tern, of 32 deg. 



Temperature of the air. 



Tension of Va| 



our. 



H 



imidity of Air. 



Wind. 



Rain 



S'nw 

 in 



s 



6 A. M. 



2 P. M. 



10 p.m. 



MEAN. 



6a. M 



2p.m. 



10p.m. 



m'n. 



o 

 48.23 



6a.m. 2p.m. 10p.m. 



m'n. 



8 a.m. 



2 P.M. 



10 p.m. 



m'n. 



6 A. M. 



2 P. M. 



10 P. M. M'N V 



Inch. 1 



[neb. 



b 



1 



29.522 



29.455 



29.517 



29.502 



o 



42.8 



o 



51.7 



o 



48 .8 



i i " 

 0.229 0.252 0.27 1 



0.263 



S4 



67 



80 



80 



SbW 



SbW 



Calm 



Miles 

 5 01 







b 



2 



.578 



.586 



.6S3 



.623 



43.6 



39 9 



38.4 



40.37 



.205| .212 .204 



.204 



73 



87 



S3 



82 



N 



N 



N 



fi.37 



0.035 



. - 



b 



3 



.824 



.872 



.926 



.889 



32.7 44.5 



32.1 



35 92 



.161 .194 .148 



.169 



S7 



68 



SI 



81 



Calm. 



SbW 



SS w 



4.32 



_ _ 











4 



30.044 



30.058 



30.074 



30.071 



2S.7 



40.5 



31 5 



33.07 



.111 .158. .153 



.136 



70 



63 



87 



72 



W bS 



W bS 



SW bS 



5.54 



_ _ 



. . 



b 



5J30.105 



29 936 



29.850 



29.957 



29.1 



35.3 



32.0 



30.93 



.145 .164 .171 



.156 



91 



80 



95 



90 



S S W 



S 



SbW 



2.17 



. _ 



1.0 



c 



6 



29.921 



29.943 







20.S 



36.0 







.105 .165! 





90 



78 







E NE 



w 





569 



. . 



. _ 



b 



7 



30.190 



30.215 



30 095 



30.166 



24.8 



34 5 



34.1 



30.95 



.10S| .143 .158 



.137 



79 



72 



79 



79 



N E 



SE b S 



EbS 



5.71 



240 



1.5 



e 



S 



29.846 



29.513 



29.344 



29.525 



33.2 



40.9 



45.2 



40.18 



.180 .239, .237 



.235 



95 



94 



96 



93 



S E 



S E b S 



SbE 



5.77 



335 



_ _ 



b 



9 



.159 



.351 



.572 



•3S7 



40.1 



37.7 



333 



38.27 



.260 



.131; .163 



.179 



84 



60 



86 



76 



W N W 



WN W 



W 



11.78 



Inap 



02 



e 



10 



.8S4 



.969 



.935 



.935 



25.0 



35.3 



35.0 



31.7.2 



.104 



.143 .150 



.132 



76 



70 



74 



72 



Calm 



SbW 



S S E 



5 26 



, . 



_ . 



a 



11 



.866 



.793 



.846 



.838 



37 5 



47.5 



43.1 



42 25 



.184 



.226 1 .201 



.201 



82 



70 



73 



75 



SE b S 



S E b S S E 



fifiS 



_ _ 



. _ 



a 



12 



.S41 



.6S3 



.521 



.663 



46.3 



53 6 



50.3 



50.27 



.263 



.295 .329 



.299 



S6 



73 



92 



84 



E SE 



S E b S 



S 



4.75 



0.580 







a 



13 



.303 



.392 







51.1 



45.7 







.3o4 



.237! 





96 



78 







E 



N W 





1 2 05 



Inap 



. _ 



a 



14 



.534 



.485 



.343 



.442 



40.6 



45 5 



37.6 



40.93! 



.200 



.192 .201 



.199 



80 



63 



90 



79 



SW bW 



w s w 



S S W 



4.32 





_ _ 



ab 



15 



.420 



.660 



.840 



.655 



44.2 



47.8 



34.5 



40 93! 



.257 



.166! .123 



.17;j 



90 



50 



64 



68 



WN W 



N W 



NWbN 



5.88 



_ _ 



_ . 



b 



10 



.950 



.966 



.944 



.956 



35.9 



37.6 



38.1 



37.17: 



.187 



.164; .164 



.163 



89 



78 



72 



77 



N E 



E NE 



E bJN 



9 70 



„ _ 



_ _ 



b 



17 



.891 



.873 



.937 



.903 



42.7 



43.1 



41.3 



42.23 



.214 .264! .237 



.237 



79 



97 



92 



89 



E N E 



NEbENEbN 



3.37 



070 



. _ 



b 



IS 



.945 



.S09 



.800 



.S50 



41.6 



46.0 



43.4 



43-45 



.232 .288! .266 



.260 



89 



93 



95 



93 



NE bN 



E 



Calm 



2.13 0.070 



_ _ 



a 



19 



.843 



.778 



.719 



.778 



52.4 



54.1 



51.4 



52.20 



.337 



.350 .348 



.344 



S7 



87 



93 



90 



Calm 



E 



Calm 



1 .59i0 325 



. . 



tt 



20 



.6SS 



.707 







51.0 



45.4 







.3o2 



.287, 





96 



95 







W M 



E bN 





2.450.575 



_ _ 



b 



21 



.734 



.728 



.772 



.751 



43.8 



44.5 



42.6 



43 45 



260 



,255j .25S 



.256 



92 



83 



95 



92 



Calm 



Calm 



Calm 



95 



. . 



_ _ 



o 



22 



.726 



.651 



.685 



.682 



44.7 



50.1 



463 



47.00! 



.2o0 



.292! .293 



.279 



85 



81 



94 



88 



SbE 



SS W 



Calm 



4.14 



inap 



_ . 



b 



23 



.646 



.522 



.479 



.551 



44.5 



46.3 



48.6 



i4.68 



.2o2 



.293 .315 



.256 



87 



94 



93 



90 



Calm 



E S E 



W S W 



588 



030 



Inap 



b 



24 



.S52 



30.132 



30.252 



30.102 



23.7 



23.7 



14.-S 



20.25 



.034 



.080, .075 



.077 



65 



62 



S3 



69 



NNW 



NWbN 



N b W 



9.73 



_ . 



Inap 



b 



25 30.239 



30.120 30.034 



30. 1 IS 



15.1 



25.7 



23.9 



22.77 



.073 



.125 .117 



.105 



80 



84 



77 



79 



N 



ENE 



Calm 



3 50 



_ . 



_ , 



a 



26 29.960 



29.952 



30.060 



29.994 



24.4 



35.2 



31.S 



30.35 



.100 



.102 .115 



.112 



74 



50 



64 



66 



N E bN 



SE bS 



NE bN 



3.70 



InaD 



. . 



b 



27 30.163 



30.147 







31.6 



28.7 





| 



.152 .141 







86 



89 







NEbE 



NEbEl 10.84'lnab 



. . 



b 



2S 30.039 



29.961 



29.903 



.959 



33.4 



14.5 



41.3 



39.S7 



.173 .221 



•220 



.210 



91 



76 



85 



86 



N E 



ENE 



ENE 



3 38 



_ . 



_ . 



a 



2929.775 



.495 



.458 



.5S3 



40.7 



49.2 



43.8 



44.02 



.231 



.303 



.269 



.252 



92 



89 



95 



91 



E S E 



ENE 



SWbW 



8.07 



1.165 



. _ 



a 



30 

 M 



.66.2 



.694 



.772 



.716 



35.2 

 36.64 



35.7 



11 OS 



32.3 



34.23 



.156 

 191 



.153 



1.62 



.159 

 0.201 



76 



75 



89 



81 



S W b\V 



wsw 



W N W 



4.90 



2.425 



inap 





29.811 



29 779 



29.783 



29.792 



38.40 



33.6- 



0.200 



0.203 



S3 



76 



85 



SI 



Mi's 5.55 



MI's6.67iMl's4 3S l 5.52 



2.7 



Sum of the Atmospheric Current, in miles, resolved into the four Cardinal 

 directions. 



North, 1495.7; West, 1209 6 ; South, 1090.1 ; East, 1219.3 ; 



Mean direction ot the wind, Norih. 

 Mean velocity of the wind - - 5.52 miles per hour. 



Maximum velocity- - - - - 20.8 miles per hour/rom 3 to4p.m.on 13ih 

 Most windy day ----- 13th: Mean velocity, 12.05 miles per hour. 

 Least windy day - - - - - 21st Mean velocity, 0.95 ditto. 

 Raining 74.1 hours on 15 days. 

 No Thunder or Lightning during the month. 

 Snowing on 5 days. Snowing 17.1 hours. 



First frost of the season, 12ih Sept. First snow of the season, 25th Oct. 

 Indian Summer ftom 12th to 20th October. 



Highest Barometer - - 30.270,at 11, a. m.,on 7th. } Monthly range: 

 Lowest Barometer - - 29.159, at 6, a m. on 9lh. S 1.111 inches. 



Highest regist'd Temp. - 55.6, at P.M., on 19th ( Monthly range . 

 Lowest regist'd Temp. -12 8, at — A.M., on 25lii S 42.8 



Mean Maximum Thermometer - - - 44.06 I Mean daily range : 

 Mean Minimum Thermometer - - - - - 31.05 \ 13.01 



Greatest daily range 27.6 from P. M. 23rd to A. M. of 24th. 



Warmest day - - 19ih - - - Mean Temperature - 52.20 ) Difference 

 Coldestday - - -24th - - - Mean Temperature - 20.25 J 31.95 



The "Means" are derived from six observations daily, viz., at 6 and 8 

 A. M., and 2, 4, 10 and 12, P. M. 



Aurora observed on 2 nights. Possible to see Aurora on'7 nights. Im- 

 possible tc see Aurora on 21 nights. 



The column headed ■" Magnet" is an attempt to distinguish the character 

 of each day, as regards the frequency or extent of the fluctuations of the 

 Magnetic declination, indicated by the self-registering instruments at Toronto. 

 The classification is, to some extent, arbitrary, and may require future modi- 

 fication, but has been found tolerably definite as far as applied. It is as follows: 



(a) A marked absence of Magnetical disturbance. 



(,b)V armparlatl movements, not to ba called disturbance. 



(c) Marked disturbance — whether shewn by frequency or amount of 

 deviation from the normal curve — but of no great importance. 



ill) A greater degree of disturbance — but not of long continuance. 



(e) Considerable disturbance — lasting more or less the whole day. 



(/') A Magnetical disturbance of the first class. 



The day is reckoned from noon to noon. If two letters are placed, the first 

 applies to the earlier, the latter to the later part of the trace. Although the 

 Declination is particularly referred to, it rarely happens that the same terms 

 are not applicable to the changes of the Horizontal Force also. 



Comparative Table for November. 





Temperature. 









Snow. 



Wind 



Year. 



Mean. 



Max. 

 obs'rvd 



Min. 

 obs'rvd 



Range. 









Force. 





D'ys 



Inches. 



Dy's 



Inch. 



Velocity 





















1 





not 



Miles. 



1840 



35.9 



54-4 



20.5 



33 9 



5 



1.220 



8 



reg'd 



. 



1841 



35.0 



63 2 



76 



55.6 



8 



2.450 



5 



tt 



— 



1S42 



33.3* 



50.6 



7.6 



43.0 



9 



5310 



10 



tt 



— 



1843 



33.5 



51.2 



14.4 



36.8 



10 



4.765 



7 



1.2 



0.591b. 



1844 



34.9 



49.8 



12.0 



37.8 



8 



inapp. 



4 



8.0 



0.481b. 



1845 



36.8 



5S.S 



7.6 



51.2 



7 



1.105 



4 



5-0 



0.531b. 



1846 



41.3 



55.5 



18.2 



37.3 



12 



5 SOS 



2 



0.4 



0.641b. 



1S47 



3S.6 



5S.2 



7.S 



50.4 



14 



3.155 



3 



Inap. 



4.77m. 



1843 



34 5 



49.3 



16.5 



32 8 



9 



2 020 



3 



1.4 



4.SIm. 



1849 



42,6 



56.7 



28.4 



28.3 



10 



2.815 



2 



1.0 



4.78m. 



1850 



33.8 



62.3 



18.1 



44.2 



7 



2.955 



1 



Inap. 



5.27m. 



1S51 



32.9 



50.1 



16.5 



33 6 



5 



3.885 



6 



67 



4.70m. 



1852 



36.0 



50.4 



18.7 



31.7 



7 



1.775 



3 



2.0 



6.50m. 



1853 



38.7 



54.1 



14.4 



39.7 



15 



2.425 



6 



2.7 



5 52m. 



Mean 



36.63 54.61 



1 14.88 



39.74 



9 



3.053 



4.6 



8.68 



6.10 Wt 



