246 



REMARKS ON THE INTRUSION OF THE GERMANIC RACES. 



[1854. 



Meteorological Table. — "No. 9. 



Specimen Tabular View of four days' Meteorological Registers, as kept simultaneously* nt St. Martin's, near Montreal, and at Toronto ; showing the great difference in 

 Local Temperature, Winds, and Weather, at the two places of observation, on the first day of each quarter, in the year 1850.f 



Place & date. 



Barometer. 



Thermornetci - . 



Hyc 



rometer. 



Anemometer. 



State of atmosphere. 



Ttain 

 Guage. 



■-> - 





 



Remarks on phases 

 ul'moou. borcalis, 

 zodiacal lights, 

 comets, storms, & 

 other phenomena. 





Wind's direction. 



Wind's force. 





















Montreal, Jan. 1. 

 Toronto, „ 



29-01 5 20-744 

 ■020 -GS4 



20-S2I 

 ■78J 



9 

 23-2 



20-9 





 21-2 



100 



•85 



•92 



•87 



100 

 •94 



NE N WNVi 

 H NWbN Do. 



:l-30 7-12 Calm. 

 



Str Clear Clear 

 



9-50 

 





MontreaI,Aprill. 

 Toronto, „ 



■593 



■CM 



•739 



35 



53 



82 



•69 



•72 



•so 



NEbN SbE Nbl 



L0-00 5-15 -098 



Clear 











Zodiacal lights; 



•481 



•578 



•6SS 



34-S 



40-7 



31-8 



•93 



•oo 



•60 



SbB N NOT 



















[aurora. 



Montreal, July 1. 

 Toronto, „ 



•573 

 ■028 



■504 

 •035 



■518 

 •65C 



07-2 

 04-3 



75-6 

 71-2 



60-0 



oo-o 



■81 

 ■88 



■58 

 •71 



•00 

 •S3 



XIV b N Do. Do. 

 N b W S b W NOT 



0-96 5-33 12-05!cicarCum.str. Clear 

 Mean 4-38. 





 





 





Montreal, Oct. 1. 

 Toronto, „ 



■393 

 ■512 



■339 

 •440 



■372 



37-5 

 46.5 



60-7 

 5S-2 



47'G 

 53-80 



■S3 

 •77 



•71 

 ■55 



•SO 

 •91 



S WSW 81W 

 X b E S S 



5-S0 6-27 1 .IS .Clear Clear Overcast 

 Mean 3'04 





 0-0S5 





 





* It will ho readily understood that the term simuttaue.nm, as generally used in all such registers, though apparently a correct one, is not. actually so. arising from the differ- 

 ence of l.mgitude between each place of observation : and ihat to approach at all to a state of correctness in a really simultaneous view of the state of the thermometer, winds, 

 ■weather, &e., it will not only be ncessary to keep hoioiif. but even far more numerous observations ; instead of three times a day, and to have each particular observation re- 

 duced to 1he true time by corrections for the difference of longitude, as well as for the wind's rate. The term, however, is sufficiently applicable to general purposes; and tho 

 observations can be readily reduced to more minute correctness, when systematically arranged in a tabular form for more exact philosophical application. 



| These days are taken at random, as comparative specimens of the mere difference of climate at two places, with but three degrees of latitude between them; but there is a 

 far higher philosophical object in view, namely, to arrive at a knowledge of the causes of such great differences as are exemplified in different parts of the Province, to a far 

 greater, and yet, in a great measure, unaccounted for extent. As, for instance, while a friend writes to me from Sandwich on the 14th February, that "yesterday and the day 

 before were perfect May days ! no snow, no sleighing ! and the river (Detroii) quite open !" The thermometer, as registered on the banks of the ice-bound St. Lawrence, at Mon- 

 treal, stood as follows : — 



12th 

 13th 



Night. Day. 



Aiax. 



Miu. 1 Max. 



Min. 



—0 

 —3 



+ 6 -6 

 +10.5J +15 



—9-0 

 +36-0 



No small difference ! 



Remarks on the Intrusion of the Germanic Races on the Area 

 of the Older laleltic Races of Europe* 



By Daniel Wilson, LL.D., Professor of History, University College, 

 Toronto. Read before the Canadian Institute, April 1st, 1854. 



Dit. Arnold, in that beautiful but imperfect narrative of Roman 

 History which liis lamented death arrested in its progress towards 

 completion, after devoting a chapter to the description of the 

 general condition of Europe at the commencement of the fourth 

 century before the Christian era, thus concludes : — " Such was the 

 state of the civilized world, when the Kelts, or Gauls, broke 

 through the thin skreen which had hitherto concealed them from 

 sight, and began, for the first time, to take their part in the 

 great drama of the nations. For nearly two hundred years they 

 continued to fill Europe and Asia with the terror of their name ; 

 but it was a passing tempest, and, if useful at all, it was useful 

 only to destroy. The Gauls could communicate no essential 

 points of human character in which other races might be defi- 

 cient; they could neither improve the intellectual state of man- 

 kind nor its social and political relations. When, therefore, they 

 had done their appointed work of havoc, they were doomed to 

 be themselves extirpated, or to be lost amidst nations of greater 

 creative and constructive power ; nor is there any race which has 

 left fewer traces of itself in the character and institutions of 

 modern civilization." 



We must not, however, too hastily assume the extirpation of 

 any race, or the altogether transitory and evanescent influence 

 -of its physical or intellectual peculiarities, merely because it 

 ceases to play an independent part as a distinct nation. To 

 ihose who recognize in all its fullness the influence of primary 

 ethnological differences on national character and institutions, it 

 cannot be doubted that the intermixture of races has largely 

 aTected the character of nations. The ancient Pelasgic and 



Etruscan races have disappeared, yet probably not by extirpa- 

 tion but absorption ; and perhaps contributing, in no slight degree, 

 by their diverse ratios of intermixture with Hellenic and Kelto- 

 Italian blood, to produce the permanent differences between the 

 two great nations of classic antiquity. 



That the Keltic ethnological element has exercised no beneficial 

 influence either on the intellectual or physical condition of 

 medieval and modern Europe, is no less problematic. The blood 

 of the Gaul still gives no partial hue to the complexion of Gallic 

 France, nor can we assume that no portion of our peculiar 

 Anglo-Saxon national character — so different, in some respects, 

 from that of our continental Saxon congeners — is derived from 

 the early intermixture of the Saxon and Scandinavian with the 

 native Celtic blood. The invasion of the Anglo-Saxons, as of 

 the Danes and Northmen, was one of warriors, not of colonists 

 with their wives and families, and their first settlement must 

 have involved some extent of alliance and mingling of races, such 

 as we see taking place in our own day with aborigines whose 

 physical and moral characteristics present a far more antagonistic 

 diversity of aspect. But viewing the ancient Gauls as they first 

 appear on the stage of history, unaffected as yet by those Ger- 

 manic or Anglo-Saxon elements which temper 



." The blind hysterics of the Celt," 



the justice of one portion, at least, of Dr. Arnold's remarks may 

 be perceived if we look to the transitory nature of the Keltic 

 philological influence on our own English tongue, and consider 

 that while, for upwards of seven centuries after the date here 

 referred to, no other intrusion of foreign races had taken place 

 in the British islands than the very partial military occupation 

 by the Roman legions, yet the English language retains no 

 grammatical or constructive elements of the ancient native Keltic 

 or British tongues, and has so few etymological elements incor- 

 porated into its composite vocabulaiy, excepting such as are 

 indirectly derived through the Latin, that the whole of such 



