28G 



LANDS AND POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND UPPEK CANADA. 



[1854, 



Province their permanent abode, a result which may astonish 

 those who have nol considered the subject under all the circum- 

 stances bearing upon it. 



With respeel to the one Iwlf of the emigrants wfto hate 

 passed on to the United States (excepting those who have 

 perished from fever or cholera, being, ii is In. pel, only a small 

 proportion of the number), the benefit of the cost of their pas- 

 sage through our waters is all they have left to us, but as this,- 

 on the average, has been £l. (is. 3d. per head, exclusive of pro- 

 visions, from Quebec to Buffalo, it amounts to £308,872 15s. 0d< 

 add thereto 15s. per bead for provisions, &c, and we have a sum 

 total expended in this Province, during twelve years, by this 

 transitory people, of £485,345 15s. (Id. 



The emigration of 1852 was 39,176. In the last calculation, 

 viz., of the advantages derived to the Province by the passage of 

 that portion of emigrants who have passed through, we make 

 use of one-half that number as they have actually benefited the 

 Province by the cost of their transport; but in the former calcu- 

 lation, the emigration of 1852 is not included. 



Since this document has been framed, the official returns of 

 immigration of the past year (1853) have been issued in Eng- 

 land, whicli show the arrivals in Canada to have been 36,699 

 souls, of wnieh 11,504 passed through to the United States: 

 200 of the Norwegians destined for Wisconsin accepted employ- 

 ment at Hamilton. It is also assumed in the returns that 5000 

 immigrants arrived in the United States for Canada; and a 

 number of railway labourers had passed on to Canada, attracted 

 by the abundant employment at high wages in the Province, 

 and the cessation of work in the Western States. 



There is something (Dc Tocqueville observes) extremely grand 

 and solemn in watching "this great wave of population," which 

 annually takes its rise in the heart of Europe, rolls across the 

 Atlantic Ocean, and, after breaking upon the shores of North 

 America, swells the current of another and a mightier stream, 

 which has flowed onward until it has partially peopled the almost 

 boundless region of the " Far West," and reached the coasts of 

 the Pacific. There are but few passages in English poetry more 

 beautiful than that written by Wordsworth about forty years 

 since, when the " Bees'' that left the " thronged hives of Bri- 

 tain" were few in number, and the " new communities" they 

 were forming were comparatively unimportant and feeble, nor do 

 we think we can do better than close these few remarks by quot- 

 ing the lines referred to: — 



" As the element of air affords 

 An easy passage to the industrious bees, 

 Fraught with their burdens ; and a way as smooth 

 For those ordained to take their sounding flight 

 From the thronged hive, and settle where they list — 

 In fresh abodes their labour to renew ; 

 So the wide waters open to the power, 

 The will, the interests, and appointed needs 

 Of Britain, do invite her to cast otF 

 Her swarms ; and, in succession, send them forth, 

 Bound to estabhsh new communities 

 On every shore whose aspect favours hope, 

 Ot bold adventure ; promising to skill 

 And perseverance their deserved reward. 



Change, wide and deep, and silently performed, 

 This land shall witness ; and , as days roll on, 

 Earth's universal frame shall feel the effect, 

 Even to the smallest habitable rock 

 Beaten by lonely billows, hear the songs 

 Of harmonized society, and bloom 

 With civil arts that send their fragrance forth, 

 A grateful tribute to all-ruling Heaven. 



Book IX., Exclusions. 

 I.yndhurst, Toronto, 1st Juno, 1851. 



J'IuhIh and I'opui'' t Mm in tlic United Btatei uml Upper Caimdu. 



[Extract from « Tract written and published in theyear 1798, by n gentle- 

 man uho If /'/ "a important > ition ■ i the Government of the 

 I mi,, I Statu, entitled, "Fact uml Call ulalioi peeling lie: Popula- 

 tion mil' Territory of the United Slalet of America"] 



SECTION I 



o? Tin I i|i i i ion oi -in i: i vitmi -■■ m:s. 



It is well known that, about a eentury ago, the country which 

 now composes the United States of America, contained but a 



few thousand civilized inhabitants, and that now the same 

 country contains four or five millions. 



But the causes of this fast increase in numbers seem not to 

 be equally well understood. It is believed that many persons 

 still suppose the population of America to be chiefly indebted 

 for its growth to emigrations from other countries, and that it 

 must become stationary when they eeas- lo take place. Some 

 facts and calculations will be here set down, to ascertain the ratio 

 of the natural increase of the inhabitants of America, and to 

 show that the great progress of wealth and population in that 

 country is chiefly derived from inter/ml causes, and of course 

 less liable to interruption from without 



The highest estimate that is recollected of the number of 

 inhabitants removing to America in any one year supposes the 

 number to be 10,000.* If the same number had removed 

 every year since the first settlement of the country, it would 

 make the whole amount to 1,600,000. But it is to be remarked, 

 that this estimate was made for a period when emigrations weie 

 unusually numerous — that during the many years of war which 

 have taken place they have been very few ; and that in former 

 years, when the number of emigrants was complained of as an 

 evil, it was not reckoned so high.f We may, therefore, suppose 

 that 5000 persons per annum is a liberal allowance for the 

 average number of persons removing to America since its first 

 settlement. This, in the year 1790, would amount to 800.0CO 

 persons. At the end of 1790, and beginning of 1791, there 

 were enumerated in the general Census the number of 3,993,412 

 inhabitants. J As some places were not enumerated at all, and 

 from others no return was made, there can be little doubt but 

 the actual number then was something more than 4,000,000. 

 Supposing them to have increased so as to have doubled their 

 numbers once in twenty years, then in the several preceding 

 periods of twenty years since the year 1630 the numbers would 

 stand thus: 



At the end of 1790, 4,000,000 

 1770. 2.000,000 

 1750, 1,000,000 

 1730, 500,000 

 1710, 250,000" 



At the end of 1690, 125,000 

 1670, 62,500 

 10.50, 31,250 

 1630, 15,025 



But as this last date reaches back to the infancy of the first 

 settlements in North America, it can hardly be supposed that 

 they contained so many as 15,000 inhabitants. It follows, 

 therefore, that they must have doubled their numbers oftener 

 than once in twenty years; that is, that they must have increased 

 faster than at the rate of 5 per cent, compounding the increase 

 with the principal at the end of every twenty years. 



To determine how far this rate of increase is justified by other 



* " Cooper's Information." kc. 



f "Douglas's Summary," Vol. II., p. 3G. 



f See the Census of 1701. 



