148 



CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE. 



[1855. 



ESIcmeiits of Food. 



The following tables, by Dr. Angus, of Manchester, show the quan- 

 tity of the elements of plants contained in the food annually consumed 

 by a hundred adult persons,, as ascertained by actual observation. 

 The 44,400 lbs. of farinaceous food are taken as about equal to 93 

 quarters of wheat, which would grow on about 20 acres of good land : 

 Quantities of the Elements of Food contained in the Provisions consumed 

 by 100 Adult Persons. 





1 



•CM 



H 



■3-3'S 



P 



























3 







S5» 



•V 



CJ 







a 







m 



^ 



.a 



o 









-S^-H 















s 



S'S 





^■gs 





«l 







3 



|H 



CD 



-.§5 



■-*■ 



is- 







lbs 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



Potass and Soda- 



368 



193 



103 



70 



13- 



80 



827 



Lime and magnesia 



177 



20 



58 



10 



2-889 



4 



3-158 



Phosphoric acid - 



486 



13 



85 



60 



1-039 



30 



1-713 



Silica - 



21 



3 



142 









166 



Metallic oxides - 



5 



fract'n 





fract'n 







6 



Nitrogen - - - - 



1-021 



94 



242 



580 



75 



800 



2-312 



Sulphur and chl'ne 





23 



4 



4 



2 



54 



87 



Quantities of the Elements of Food removed from 100 Acres of Soil by 

 the usual four-course system ; and the Quantities which would be 

 supplied by the Excj-etion of 100 Adult Persons. 





ii. 



i 



■?=: 











ST3 



s 





3 





^ 



.d 









S"£, 



.3 





a 



> 











na 



t 











'^2 



73 



S 





s 



O 



c-ga 



o 





V.'-' 



Zf 





d 



S 





60 



Ss-S 











B a 



£ S3 



1 

 s 



1 



3 

 o 



p 



a 



1 



o 



lis 



II 







M 





■^ 





(H 



tH 



O 



H 





lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



lbs. 



Ibs- 



Potass and Soda - 



470 



395 



10 



8 



2 



4 



2 



780 



827 



Lime and magnesia 



350 



225 



144 



250 



27 



45 



oo 



948 



3-168 



Phosphoric acid - 



680 



430 



145 



210 



21 



42 



21 



1-549 



1-713 



Silica ------ 



30 



420 



..,. 





.... 







450 



166 



Metallic oxide - - 



4 



4 





•;•■ 









8 



6 



Sulphur & chlorine 





,... 



5 



12 



1 



2 



1 



21 



87 



Nitrogen- - - - - 



1-360 



1-030 



113 



128 



15 



23 



12 



2-681 



2-312 



Distauces between leading Cities in the TJnite<1 States. 



The following table will show the distance between some of the 

 leading points of the United States by the nearest mail routes. That 

 a better judgment may be formed of the extent of the country, they 

 are compared with nearly equi-distant foreign cities: — 



American Cities. Distaace in miles. 



Pittsburg to Boston gjg 



New York to Mobile 1 476 



Philadelphia to Pensacola 1 443 



goston to Nashville L590 



American Cities. Distance in Miles. 



Albany to Richmond 506 



New York to Charleston 790 



New York to Cleveland (Ohio) 671 



Boston to Galveston (Texas) 2,256 



New York to Astoria (land route) 3,523 



New York to Astoria (via Cape Horn) 17,500 



New York to Astoria (via Panama) 6,200 



New York to San Diego, California (land route) 3,732 



Charlestonto Hartford 90O 



New York to New Orleans 1,640 



Falls of St. Anthony to mouths of Mississippi River 2,200 



Sources of Mississippi to mouths of Mississippi 2,986 



Pittsburg to New Orleans, via river 2,175 



Nearly equi-distant American and Foreign Cities. 



Paris to Vienna 62.5 



Paris to St. Petersburg 1,510 



St. Petersburg to Constantinople, land route 1,490 



Paris to Berlin 510 



London to Vienna 760 



Paris to Rome 700 



Stockholm (Sweden) to Madrid 2,150 



London to Ispahan, Pei-sia 3,589 



Liverpool to Canton, via Cape of Good Hope 18,000 



London to Delhi, Hindostan 5,337 



New York to Bremen, across Atlantic 3,800 



London to Rome 910 



London to Constantinople, by land 1,490 



Stockholm (Sweden) to Tunis (Africa) 2,200 



St. Petersburg to Thebes, Egypt 2,800 



St. Petersburgh to Madrid 2,100 



The citizep of the United States arriving at New Orleans from New 

 York has passed over a distance more than equal to that separating 

 London from Constantinople, or Paris from St. Petersburg. If he has 

 taken the land route to Astoria, his travel will be nearly as great as 

 from New York to Bremen ; if the water route, he will have made a 

 voyage nearly equal to one from London to Canton. 



Constunption of Smoke. 



The London Athenteum says, "In the pages of a Contemporary of 

 Saturday last, we read a paragraph anouncing a new invention that 

 has been put into successful operation at Messrs. Cubitt's, the buil- 

 ders of Gray's Inn Road. This invention is described as effecting the 

 " complete suppression of smoke," and as causing an enormous eco- 

 nomy of fuel, the saving being declared to be at the rate of 7 out of 

 every 11 bushels of coal : — a rather startling statement. It is not our 

 purpose, however, just now, to question the truth of that statement ; 

 but to remark on the waste of the inventive faculty occasioned by the 

 want of a good system of public record, by which inventors could as- 

 certain whether what they are doing has not previously been effected 

 by some one else. The plan referred to above is that of washing the 

 ponderable matter out of the smoke by means of a jet of water play- 

 ing in the chimney, or in a passage through which the smoke is made 

 to pass. Not many months since, a patent was applied for in London, 

 and Provisional protection granted for an American invention precise- 

 ly similar to that referred to above : and the patent was abandoned 

 because it was ascertained that the same thing had been invented and 

 patented years ago in this country. The original inventor, in this 

 country, so far as we know, was Mr. Muntz, of Birmingham, the Mem- 

 ber of Parliament, who was examined as a witness before the Select 

 Committee of the House of Commons on Smoke Prevention, which sat 

 in 1843. It seems that a model had been exhibited to the Committee, 

 by some other person, "with ascending and descending flues, and a 

 shower of water," and Mr. Muntz being asked if he had seen it, re- 

 plied " I took out a patent for that in 1816 myself." So far as the 

 evidence is before us, it seems that in 1816 Mr. Muntz hit upon a cer- 

 tain plan of washing his smoke ; — in 1843 some one else expounds a 

 like plan, and seems to have r atened it ; in 1853 the same thing is 

 again invented in the United States, and a patent is again applied for 

 in England, .and provisionally obtained ; and lastly, J^essrs. Cubitt 

 adopt an apparently identical plan w-hich is ushered to the world with 

 the honours of originallity. — Much has certainly been done of late to- 

 wards systematizing our information on these subjects ; but here is 

 evidence how much more has to be effected before the faculties of in- 

 vention will be freed from the chances of waste." 



